Incidence and Effects of Parallel Process in Psychotherapy Supervision

Raichelson, Stephanie H.; Herron, William G.; Primavera, Louis H.; Ramirez, Sonja M.

doi:10.1300/j001v15n02_03

Cited by 31 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…This concept was originally articulated by Searles (1955) as the reflection process, or the therapist's re-enactment of therapy session material in the supervision space. Although originating from psychodynamic thought, parallel process has been acknowledged as an important facet of supervision for all supervisory orientations (Doehrman, 1976;Raichelson, Herron, Primavera, & Ramirez, 1997). Although originating from psychodynamic thought, parallel process has been acknowledged as an important facet of supervision for all supervisory orientations (Doehrman, 1976;Raichelson, Herron, Primavera, & Ramirez, 1997).…”

Section: Parallel Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Raichelson et al, 1997) and suggests a valuing of all relationship competency development strategies, including working with subconsciously reenacted relationship patterns. Results revealed that reported theoretical orientation did not influence ratings of perceived usefulness or actual use of any of the supervisory interventions presented to participants.…”

Section: Direct Instructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Investigation of Supervisory Practices to Develop Relational and Reflective Competence in Psychologists

Calvert

Crowe

Grenyer

2017

Australian Psychologist

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Background: Competency-based models of supervision acknowledge relationship, including reflective capacity, as foundational in professional psychology. However, current understandings of supervisory practices aimed at developing this competency are limited.Objective: This study aimed to explore the practices used in supervision for the development of supervisee relational competence. These practices were also examined with reference to supervisor/supervisee theoretical orientation, as well as the nature of the supervisory relationship (including working alliance, real relationship, and attention to parallel process in supervision). Method: A total of 45 supervisees and 41 supervisors participated in an online survey in which they rated the perceived usefulness and actual use of various supervisory interventions for the development of relational competence. Participants also provided qualitative responses regarding the methods used to develop relationship competence. Finally, respondents completed measures of supervisory working alliance, real relationship, and attention to parallel process in supervision. Results: Ratings of supervisory methods and qualitative responses revealed a rich variety of interventions currently being utilised in enhancing supervisee relationship competence. Ratings of perceived usefulness and actual use of various supervisory interventions were not related to theoretical orientation. Finally, correlational analyses revealed multiple associations between the nature of the supervisory relationship and perceived usefulness and actual use of supervisory interventions for enhancing relational competence. Conclusion: The results of this study have important implications for the practice of supervision and guiding directions of future research.

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Section: Parallel Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Direct Instructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Investigation of Supervisory Practices to Develop Relational and Reflective Competence in Psychologists

Calvert

Crowe

Grenyer

2017

Australian Psychologist

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“…There is extensive discussion in the literature regarding the connection between what occurs in the supervisory and treatment relationships (Eckstein & Wallerstein, 1958;Doehrman, 1976;Frankel & Piercy, 1990;Kadushin, 1992;Kaiser, 1992Kaiser, , 1997Loganbill, Hardy & Delworth, 1982;Peterson, 1986;Raichelson, Herron, Primavera & Ramirez 1997;Shulman, 1982Shulman, , 1993. A recent study by Raichelson et al, (1997) revealed that supervisors and supervisees from psychoanalytic and non-psychoanalytic orientations both acknowledge the existence of this phenomenon. The authors found a high correlation between awareness of parallel process and the ability of the supervisee to do such things as explore negative transference feelings with clients, become more aware of their own countertransference feelings, learn from supervision, take risks in treatment to help clients look at previously avoided issues and act with spontaneity and warmth with clients.…”

Section: Themes Emerging From the Sessionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Supervision Institute

Kaiser

Barretta-Herman

1999

The Clinical Supervisor

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Supervision continues to be the primary format for the development and maintenance of practice skills for students and practitioners. Many practitioners with graduate degrees assume supervisory responsibilities with little specialized training in supervision. The Supervision Institute offers this support to agency based supervisors. Following a brief history of the development of the Institute, this paper describes the structure and content of the Institute's six session supervision training program. The last section of the paper addresses three major themes (the use of power, parallel process and diversity) which have emerged from the sessions. [Article copies available for a fee fromThe Haworth Document Delivery Service: 1-800-342-9678.

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“…It is a phenomenon that occurs when a theme within the psychotherapeutic relationship between patient and therapist is repeated in the supervisory relationship between supervisee and supervisor, or vice versa. Parallel process is also acknowledged and used in other theoretical frameworks such as rationalemotive and behavioral therapy (Raichelson, 1997), counselling (Muse-Burke, Ladany & Deck, 2000), systemic therapy (where it is often termed ''isomorphism'') (Liddle, 1988): social work (Shulman, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Until recently only a few systematic empirical studies of parallel process have been carried out (Alpher, 1991;Caligor, 1981/84;Doehrman, 1976;Friedlander, Siegel & Brenock, 1987;Lombardo et al, 1997;Raichelson et al, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A qualitative single case study of parallel processes

Jacobsen

2007

Couns and Psychother Res

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Parallel process in psychotherapy and supervision is a phenomenon manifest in relationships and interactions, that originates in one setting and is reflected in another. This article presents an explorative single case study of parallel processes based on qualitative analyses of two successive randomly chosen psychotherapy sessions with a schizophrenic patient and the supervision session given in between. The author's analysis is verified by an independent examiner's analysis. Parallel processes are identified and described. Reflections on the dynamics of parallel processes and supervisory interventions are reported and discussed.

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Incidence and Effects of Parallel Process in Psychotherapy Supervision

Cited by 31 publications

References 8 publications

An Investigation of Supervisory Practices to Develop Relational and Reflective Competence in Psychologists

An Investigation of Supervisory Practices to Develop Relational and Reflective Competence in Psychologists

The Supervision Institute

A qualitative single case study of parallel processes

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