Incidence and Distribution of Microfungi in a Treated Municipal Water Supply System in Sub-Tropical Australia

Sammon, Noel B.; Harrower, K.M.; Fabbro, Larelle; Reed, Rob H.

doi:10.3390/ijerph7041597

Cited by 50 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…(5.79%-9.42%). Their occurrences in drinking water or biofilms have been reported (Doggett, 2000;Sammon et al, 2010). Recently, using atomic force microscope, Abe et al (2011) found that biofilm aggregates were embedded in an extensive network of filamentous fungi during the development of drinking-water biofilm, and indicated that the fungal structure may assist in reinforcing biofilm adhesion to a substratum surface.…”

Section: Eukaryotic Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular analysis of long-term biofilm formation on PVC and cast iron surfaces in drinking water distribution system

Liu

Zhu

et al. 2014

Journal of Environmental Sciences

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a b s t r a c tTo understand the impacts of different plumbing materials on long-term biofilm formation in water supply system, we analyzed microbial community compositions in the bulk water and biofilms on faucets with two different materials-polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and cast iron, which have been frequently used for more than10 years. Pyrosequencing was employed to describe both bacterial and eukaryotic microbial compositions. Bacterial communities in the bulk water and biofilm samples were significantly different from each other. Specific bacterial populations colonized on the surface of different materials. Hyphomicrobia and corrosion associated bacteria, such as Acidithiobacillus spp., Aquabacterium spp., Limnobacter thiooxidans, and Thiocapsa spp., were the most dominant bacteria identified in the PVC and cast iron biofilms, respectively, suggesting that bacterial colonization on the material surfaces was selective. Mycobacteria and Legionella spp. were common potential pathogenic bacteria occurred in the biofilm samples, but their abundance was different in the two biofilm bacterial communities. In contrast, the biofilm samples showed more similar eukaryotic communities than the bulk water. Notably, potential pathogenic fungi, i.e., Aspergillus spp. and Candida parapsilosis, occurred in similar abundance in both biofilms. These results indicated that microbial community, especially bacterial composition was remarkably affected by the different pipe materials (PVC and cast iron).

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Section: Eukaryotic Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular analysis of long-term biofilm formation on PVC and cast iron surfaces in drinking water distribution system

Liu

Zhu

et al. 2014

Journal of Environmental Sciences

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“…Aspergillus species are saprophytic moulds widely distributed in soil, decaying vegetation, dust, bioaerosols and different aquatic environments, in which they are expected to contribute to the degradation of pollutants (Sammon et al 2010;Pereira et al 2013;Pearson et al 2015;Ma et al 2015;Oliveira et al 2015). Aspergillus fumigatus, which is responsible for severe pathologies in humans and birds (Van Waeyenberghe et al 2013), has been isolated from hospital water systems and plumbing drains (Hayette et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vermamoeba vermiformis-Aspergillus fumigatus relationships and comparison with other phagocytic cells

et al. 2016

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Free living amoebae (FLA) are protists ubiquitously present in the environment. Aspergillus fumigatus is a mould responsible for severe deep-seated infections, and that can be recovered in the same habitats as the FLA. By conducting coculture experiments and fungal incubation with amoebal supernatants, we report herein that Vermamoeba vermiformis, a FLA present in hospital water systems, promotes filamentation and growth of A. fumigatus. This finding is of particular importance to institutions whose water systems might harbor FLA and could potentially be used by immunocompromised patients. Also, the relationships between V. vermiformis and A. fumigatus were compared to those between this fungus and two other phagocytic cells: Acanthamoeba castellanii, another FLA, and macrophage-like THP-1 cells. After 4 h of coincubation, the percentages of the three phagocytic cell types with adhered conidia were similar, even though the types of receptors between FLA and macrophagic cell seemed different. However, the percentage of THP-1 with internalized conidia was considerably lower (40 %) in comparison with the two other cell types (100 %). Thus, this study revealed that interactions between A. fumigatus and these three phagocytic cell types show similarities, even though it is premature to extrapolate these results to interpret relationships between A. fumigatus and macrophages.

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“…Wash water from apple packing and processing houses can contain as much as 10 4 conidia mL -1 of P. expansum and often inadvertently end up in the ground near such facilities. The presence of fungi in drinking water is widespread (Sammon et al 2010;Pereira et al 2009;Hageskal et al 2006). Penicillium species appear to be frequent inhabitants of tap water based on surveys carried out in several countries (reviewed by Siqueira et al 2011); thus, they readily survive water treatment practices (Hageskal et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two rapid assays for screening of patulin biodegradation

Wright

Felice

Ianiri

et al. 2013

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The mycotoxin patulin is produced by the blue mould pathogen Penicillium expansum in rotting apples during postharvest storage. Patulin is toxic to a wide range of organisms, including humans, animals, fungi and bacteria. Wash water from apple packing and processing houses often harbours patulin and fungal spores, which can contaminate the environment. Ubiquitous epiphytic yeasts, such as Rhodosporidium kratochvilovae strain LS11 which is a biocontrol agent of P. expansum in apples, have the capacity to resist the toxicity of patulin and to biodegrade it. Two non-toxic products are formed. One is desoxypatulinic acid. The aim of the work was to develop rapid, high-throughput bioassays for monitoring patulin degradation in multiple samples. Escherichia coli was highly sensitive to patulin, but insensitive to desoxypatulinic acid. This was utilized to develop a detection test for patulin, replacing time-consuming thin layer chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography. Two assays for patulin degradation were developed, one in liquid medium and the other in semi-solid medium. Both assays allow the contemporary screening of a large number of samples. The liquid medium assay utilizes 96-well microtiter plates and was optimized for using a minimum of patulin. The semisolid medium assay has the added advantage of slowing down the biodegradation, which allows the study and isolation of transient degradation products. The two assays are complementary and have several areas of utilization, from screening a bank of microorganisms for biodegradation ability to the study of biodegradation pathways.

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Incidence and Distribution of Microfungi in a Treated Municipal Water Supply System in Sub-Tropical Australia

Cited by 50 publications

References 23 publications

Molecular analysis of long-term biofilm formation on PVC and cast iron surfaces in drinking water distribution system

Molecular analysis of long-term biofilm formation on PVC and cast iron surfaces in drinking water distribution system

Vermamoeba vermiformis-Aspergillus fumigatus relationships and comparison with other phagocytic cells

Two rapid assays for screening of patulin biodegradation

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