Incidence and determinants of nosocomial infection among hospital admitted adult chronic disease patients in University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, North–West Ethiopia, 2016–2020

Abstract

BackgroundNosocomial infections are major public health problem which affects more than 100 million patients each year globally. This leads to prolonged hospital stays, a high mortality rate, and a vast financial burden to the healthcare system as well as the patients. This study aimed to find out the incidence of nosocomial infections and determinant factors among admitted adult chronic illness patients at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.MethodsAn institutional-based retrospective follow-up study design was employed among 597 respondents. The secondary data was collected from April 15 to May 15, 2021. A computer-generated random sampling technique was used to select a total of 599 patients using Open-epi software. Structured checklists were used to collect data. For data entry and analysis Epi-Data version 4.6 and STATA 16 were used respectively. To identify statistically significant variables Cox-regressions (univariable and multivariable) were performed. To declare statistically significant variables based on p < 0.05 in the multivariable Cox-regression model, adjusted hazard ratio with 95% CI was used.ResultsA total of 597(99.6%) adult chronic illness patients were included in the study. Of these, 53 (8.88%) participants developed nosocomial infections and the incidence rate of nosocomial infection was 6.6 per 1,000 person-days observation. In this study, not taking antibiotics (AHR = 2.74, 95% CI: 1.49, 5.04), using mechanical ventilation (AHR = 2.67, 95% CI: 1.36, 5.26), being on urinary catheter (AHR = 4.62, 95% CI: 2.22, 9.65), being on intravenous catheter (AHR = 3.42, 95% CI: 1.22, 9.61) and length of hospital stay >20 days (AHR = 2.66, 95% CI: 1.43, 4.94) were significantly associated with nosocomial infections.ConclusionsThe findings have indicated that the incidence of nosocomial infection was low. No taking antibiotics, intravenous insertion, mechanical ventilation, length of hospital stay, and urinary catheterization were the predictors for the development of nosocomial infection. Therefore, we recommend that the healthcare providers need to give emphasis on infection prevention and control in the institution on these factors that have a significant effect on nosocomial infection.

Patterns and outcomes of health-care associated infections in the medical wards at Bugando medical centre: a longitudinal cohort study

“…CLBSI (43.3%) and CAUTI (36.7%) were the commonest HCAIs observed. Low prevalence of clinical HCAIs was also reported previously from similar settings [ 24 , 25 ]. For instance, a study in Kenya by Patil et al, in 2022 reported that 41 out of 952 patient cases developed HCAIs [ 24 ].…”

“…For instance, a study in Kenya by Patil et al, in 2022 reported that 41 out of 952 patient cases developed HCAIs [ 24 ]. Another study in Ethiopia by Taye et al, in 2023 reported a prevalence of 8.88% [ 25 ]. In line with our findings, both studies from Kenya and Ethiopia reported that bloodstream infection, respiratory tract infection, urinary tract infection and gastroenteritis are commonest HCAIs.…”

Antimicrobial Antioxidant Polymer Films with Green Silver Nanoparticles from Symphyti radix

“…Numerous scientific studies have shown that silver nanoparticles, in both colloidal and ionic forms, have a wider spectrum of antibacterial effects than most other nanoparticles. The antimicrobial activity of silver ions is obtained by reacting with the main parts of the bacterial cell: the DNA, plasma membrane, cell wall, and proteins [2]. Due to their small dimensions and very high specific surface area, silver nanoparticles adhere firmly to the surface of bacteria.…”

“…Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are an immense global issue and a threat to more than 100 million patients each year [1,2]. These infectious diseases are also called nosocomial diseases and can be induced by bacterial growth and colonization on implants, catheters, and other medical devices used in treatment procedures [1,3,4].…”

“…Nosocomial pathogens appear in hospital settings and are transmitted through contact with infected patients, healthcare staff, contaminated water, and food [5,6]. HAIs include infections such as catheter-associated urinary tract infections, ventilator-associated pneumonia, central lineassociated infections, infections caused by hospital-acquired C. difficile infections, as well as infections occurring at surgery sites [2,5]. HAIs pose a major threat to patients' health and well-being by prolonging their hospital stay, increasing the possibility of complications and mortality rates.…”