Incidence and determinants of endophthalmitis within 6 months of surgeries over a 2-year period at King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Saudi Arabia: A review

Abstract

Background:We present the incidence and determinants of endophthalmitis between July 2010 and June 2012 at King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. On its basis, we recommended recommendations to strengthen the infection prevention and control strategies.Methods:This is a retrospective review of health records type of study. The details of cases reported having endophthalmitis among those operated in 2 years of study period were studied. The incidence of endophthalmitis was calculated for different eye surgeries and epidemiological variables. The causative organisms in vitreous tap were reviewed. The visual outcomes 6 weeks following intervention/treatment of endophthalmmitis were also studied.Results:Of the 22,554 cases operated, 17 developed endophthalmitis. The incidence was 0.08% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.04–0.11). The incidence of endophthlamitis among cataract surgeries was 0.12% (95% CI 0.04–0.21). Five specimens did not show any bacteria or fungus. Staphylococcus epidermis (3 cases) was the main pathogen identified. In 8 (47%) eyes, vision deteriorated in spite of treatment. In 5 (29%) eyes, it became stable and in 4 (23.5%) eyes, it improved following treatment. Signs of infection were noted in 1st week, 3 weeks and 12 weeks in 4, 6 and 5 eyes respectively. Late presentation of infection (6 months postoperatively) was reported in two eyes.Conclusions:A vigilant infection control unit in a large eye hospital helps in monitoring endophthalmitis related catastrophes and suggests timely preventive measures to reduce the occurrence and appropriate measures to limit visual disabilities following eye surgery related endophthalmitis.

A literature review and update on the incidence and microbiology spectrum of postcataract surgery endophthalmitis over past two decades in India

“…[ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ] The global reported incidence of postcataract endophthalmitis ranges from 0.02% to 0.26%. [ 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 ] There is good amount of data on the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of postcataract endophthalmitis in the Western hemisphere. [ 12 13 ] Analyses of databases such as the Medicare and Medicaid have helped understand the epidemiology of postcataract endophthalmitis, and design treatment guidelines.…”

A Review of the Role of Intravitreal Corticosteroids as an Adjuvant to Antibiotics in Infectious Endophthalmitis

“…Although prednisolone is often used as an adjuvant to antibiotics in the treatment of bacterial, fungal, 42 and tuberculous endophthalmitis, 20 prednisolone was administered topically, orally, or systemically in these studies. The only study reporting the use of intravitreal prednisolone is one on diabetic macular edema, 21 where statistically significant visual improvement was observed after intravitreal prednisolone.…”

Endophthalmitis post pars plana vitrectomy surgery: incidence, organisms' profile, and management outcome in a tertiary eye hospital in Saudi Arabia

“…[ 2 ] The incidence of acute endophthalmitis after intravitreal injections and cataract surgery in our centers in the recent past were 0.004% and 0.12%, respectively. [ 3 4 ] A recent meta-analysis addressing the incidence of endophthalmitis after microincision PPV was 0.092%. [ 5 ]…”