Incidence and control of brucellosis in the Near East region

Refai, M.

doi:10.1016/s0378-1135(02)00248-1

Cited by 347 publications

(361 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In some regions, camel brucellosis due to B. melitensis or B. abortus infections is another important source of human infections [1,2,10,25,59]. As a consequence, the importance of zoonotic brucellosis reservoirs is such that the World Health Organization (WHO) stated: "We regard brucellosis as the world's most widespread of all zoonoses and apart from its toll on people, it has an enormous impact on the animal industry".…”

Section: Prevalence Of Animal Brucellosismentioning

confidence: 99%

From the discovery of the Malta fever?s agent to the discovery of a marine mammal reservoir, brucellosis has continuously been a re-emerging zoonosis

et al. 2005

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-Brucellosis is not a sustainable disease in humans. The source of human infection always resides in domestic or wild animal reservoirs. The routes of infection are multiple: foodborne, occupational or recreational, linked to travel and even to bioterrorism. New Brucella strains or species may emerge and existing Brucella species adapt to changing social, cultural, travel and agricultural environment. Brucella melitensis is the most important zoonotic agent, followed by Brucella abortus and Brucella suis. This correlates with the fact that worldwide, the control of bovine brucellosis (due to B. abortus) has been achieved to a greater extent than the control of sheep and goat brucellosis (due to B. melitensis), these latter species being the most important domestic animals in many developing countries. The long duration and high cost of treatment of human brucellosis reduces the efficacy of the therapy. There is no human vaccine for brucellosis and the occurrence of brucellosis is directly linked to the status of animal brucellosis in a region. In this context, the Word Health Organization has defined the development of a human vaccine, besides the implementation of control and eradication programs in animals, as a high priority. The pathogenicity for humans of B. suis biovars 1, 3 and 4 is well established, whereas B. suis biovar 2 seems to be less pathogenic. Indeed, although hunters and pig farmers have repeatably experienced infectious contact with B. suis biovar 2 (found in wild boar and outdoor-rearing pigs in Europe), isolation of B. suis biovar 2 from human samples have only been seldom reported. Marine mammal brucellosis, due to two new proposed Brucella species i.e. B. cetaceae and B. pinnipediae, represents a new zoonotic threat but the pathogenicity for humans of the different Brucella species found in cetaceans and pinnipeds still has to be clearly established.Brucella / animal and human brucellosis / zoonoses / domestic and wildlife reservoir

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Section: Prevalence Of Animal Brucellosismentioning

confidence: 99%

From the discovery of the Malta fever?s agent to the discovery of a marine mammal reservoir, brucellosis has continuously been a re-emerging zoonosis

et al. 2005

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“…The methods for the diagnosis of brucellosis comprise tests for isolation and identification, tests for detection and estimation of antibodies induced in response to the agent, as well as an allergic test, brucellin, particularly in small ruminants (Refai 2003). Serologic methods are not conclusive, because not all infected animals produce detectable levels of antibodies and because cross-reactions with antigens other than those from Brucella can give false-positive results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sensitivity of the bacteriological culture methods depends on the viability and numbers of Brucella in the sample, and the nature of the sample which is commonly contaminated with other bacteria. Thus, culture methods are not always successful as they are time-consuming and the handling of microorganism is hazardous (Refai 2003). PCR has the potential to meet the need for better diagnostic tools for several infectious diseases caused by fastidious or slow growing bacteria (Romero et al 1995, Bricker 2002.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Brucella melitensis DNA in the milk of sheep after abortion by PCR assay

et al. 2008

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“…Brucellosis is considered the leading zoonotic disease of the region 56. In Iran the prevalence of brucellosis in animals reached 44% in 1956, but the first major control program that had started in 1958 resulted in a decrease to 5%.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The number of patients with brucellosis was 71 051 in 1988 (132.4 per 100 000) 36. Herd vaccination and animal eradication programs lead to a significant decrease (24 cases per 100 000) in 1998.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological and clinical features of Brucella arthritis in 24 children

Zamani

Kooraki

Mohazab

et al. 2011

Annals of Saudi Medicine

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Brucellosis is considered the leading zoonotic disease of the Middle East. The disease has a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations and can result in complications with severe morbidity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency, distribution and characteristics of arthritis in Iranian children with brucellosis.DESIGN AND SETTING:A retrospective descriptive study conducted in a referral children center in Tehran from 1997 to 2005.PATIENTS AND METHODS:Arthritis in children with brucellosis who were admitted to a specialized hospital was detected by clinical signs of the involved joint(s) and characteristics of joint fluid aspiration. Socio-demographic information was recorded.RESULTS:Of 96 patients diagnosed with brucellosis, 24 (25%) had Brucella arthritis 14 (58.3%) males and 10 (41.7%) females. Most common manifestations were fever in 21 patients (87.5%) and fatigue in 18 patients (75%). Monoarthritis was recorded in 15 patients (62.5%) of the cases with involvement of the knee in 8 (45%) and hip in 5 (29%), the ankle in 2 (8%) patients while 9 (37.5%) patients suffered from polyarthritis. None of the patients had axial joints involvement. Seventy-five percent of the subjects (18 patients) were from urban areas and 66.7% (16 patients) had consumed un-pasteurized cheese. Recurrence was not seen in any of the 24 patients who received a combination of co-trimoxazole for 6 weeks and gentamicin for 5 days.CONCLUSION:Childhood brucellosis is a challenging disease in Iran that has serious complications like arthritis. Therefore all physicians who work in endemic areas should be familiar with this disease and consider the possibility of brucellosis in all children who present with arthritis and arthralgia.

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Incidence and control of brucellosis in the Near East region

Cited by 347 publications

References 43 publications

From the discovery of the Malta fever?s agent to the discovery of a marine mammal reservoir, brucellosis has continuously been a re-emerging zoonosis

From the discovery of the Malta fever?s agent to the discovery of a marine mammal reservoir, brucellosis has continuously been a re-emerging zoonosis

Detection of Brucella melitensis DNA in the milk of sheep after abortion by PCR assay

Epidemiological and clinical features of Brucella arthritis in 24 children

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