Incest in Sweden, 1680–1940

Abstract

List of illustrations page viii List of tables xi List of graphs xiii Abbreviations xiv Introduction 1 The origin of incest prohibitions 2 Aim of the present study 6 Interaction, the creation of norms, and social control 8 Material and methodology Laws and parliamentary material Judgement-book material Applications for dispensation Analysing the material The complexity of incestuous relationships Research on incest Outline 1 Background and context The early modern judicial system The secular judicial structure The ecclesiastical structure The Christian incest prohibition in a historical perspective 2 Incest: a religious crime, 1680-1750 Applications for dispensation Marriage: an alliance based on feelings and reason The prohibitions are challenged Relationship categories vi Contents Virtuous or depraved love Balancing between the legal and the illegal Additional uncertain definitions Criminal cases The punishments The court: a flexible practice The statistics of the crime Accusation and confession Mitigating and aggravating circumstances Violence and exploitation Love and passion Kinship The local community In preparation for the Civil Code of 1734 Partial summary and overview, 1680-1750 3 Incest: a moral crime, 1750-1840 In the Age of Enlightenment The development of jurisprudence Applications for dispensation An increase in the number of applications for marriage Illustrations 1 Hundred-court judgment book from the eighteenth century. Photo: VLA 2 In February 1730, the two cousins Nils Arvidsson and Ingeborg Bengtsdotter applied for permission to marry. Judiciary Inspection, draft, 1730, 3 June, Nils Arvidsson, Ingeborg Bengtsdotter. Photo: RA 3 The hundred-court judge led the hearing of criminal cases at the local courts. Drawing by Göte Göransson (1921-2015), by permission of his family 4 Johan Stiernhöök (1596-1675). Stiernhöök was elevated to the nobility in 1649 and has been called 'the father of Swedish jurisprudence'. Unknown painter from second half of the seventeenth century. Legal Department, Uppsala University 5 Flogging in the town square was a public event. Drawing by Göte Göransson (1921-2015), by permission of his family 6 The women wore 'whipping bodices' that left their backs bare when they were birched. Drawing by Göte Göransson (1921-2015), by permission of his family 7 The Göta Court of Appeal was established in 1634 in Jönköping. Its jurisdiction included the southern parts of the Swedish mainland (Götaland and Värmland and, after 1658, also Skåne, Blekinge, and Halland). Ny illustrerad tidning, 1866:27 8 A peasant couple from the eighteenth century. En karl med lja och en quinna med härf [A man with a scythe and a woman with a rake] by Pehr Hilleström (1732-1816). The Nordic Museum List of illustrations ix 9 The authorities were apprised of several crimes via gossip and curious neighbours, but people from the local community could also make an investigation more difficult by withholding information or providing refuge for a fugitive. The image shows Swedish folk costumes from different par...

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