Incarceration and Sexual Risk: Examining the Relationship Between Men’s Involvement in the Criminal Justice System and Risky Sexual Behavior

Knittel, Andrea K.; Snow, Rachel; Morenoff, Jeffrey D.

doi:10.1007/s10461-013-0421-4

Cited by 27 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Although some research evidence (Knittel et al, 2013) suggests incarceration experiences and substance use may interact to influence increased HIV-risk sexual behavior, results in the present study extend this body of research in that substance use and HIV-risk sexual behavior, but not incarceration histories per se, predicted decreased levels of abstinence self-efficacy. High prevalence rates of HIV-risk sexual behaviors have been observed in studies involving incarcerated populations (Alemagno et al, 2009; Leukefeld et al, 2012), thus one implication of the present study would be for future treatment investigations involving incarcerated/correctional populations to consider the role of HIV-risk sexual practices in relation to outcomes such as self-efficacy for abstinence.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Predictors of Abstinence Self-Efficacy: Examining the Role of HIV-Risk Sexual Behavior

Majer¹,

Glantsman

Palmer

et al. 2014

Journal of Social Service Research

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Abstinence self-efficacy, or the confidence in ones' beliefs in one's ability to effectively engage in behaviors to maintain substance use abstinence, is a crucial recovery resource. However, little research has been conducted on what predicts increases in this recovery resource. Understanding predictors of abstinence self-efficacy could help social service practitioners in creating effective treatment plans/interventions while extending what is presently known in this small body of research. Predictors of abstinence self-efficacy were analyzed among a sample of ex-offenders (224 men and 46 women) who were completing inpatient treatment for substance use disorders. Hierarchical linear regression was conducted to examine changes in participants' abstinence selfefficacy in relation to factors directly related (HIV-risk drug use behaviors, substance use, 12-step meeting attendance) and indirectly related (HIV-risk sexual behaviors, incarceration histories) to substance use. HIV-risk sexual behaviors and substance use predicted significant decreases in abstinence self-efficacy whereas 12-step meeting attendance predicted significant increases. However, incarceration histories and HIV-risk drug use behaviors were not significant predictors of abstinence self-efficacy. Findings suggest HIV-risk sexual behavior should be considered when assessing relapse prevention for persons with substance use disorders, and that researchers should examine behaviors that are not directly related to substance use when investigating recovery resources.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…Incarcerated persons report high rates of HIV-risk sexual behavior (Alemagno, Stephens, Stephens, Shaffer-King, & White, 2009; Leukefeld et al, 2012), and a recent longitudinal investigation (Knittel, Snow, Griffith, & Morenoff, 2013) found substance use and incarceration histories predicted increased HIV-risk sexual risk behavior.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of Abstinence Self-Efficacy: Examining the Role of HIV-Risk Sexual Behavior

Majer¹,

Glantsman

Palmer

et al. 2014

Journal of Social Service Research

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“…Our approach to measuring HIV-risk sexual behavior in terms of one's number of sexual partners is consistent with other investigations (Belenko et al, 2005; Holmes et al, 2005; Kang et al, 2002; Knittel et al, 2013; Mark et al, 2006; Meade et al, 2009; Richter et al, 2013), suggesting that the influence of psychiatric severity is better understood when examining HIV-risk sexual behavior outcomes that are commonly used in research. However, a number of studies have examined the relationship between various psychiatric (symptoms, diagnoses, lifetime/current prevalence), HIV-risk (independent items/summary scores involving drug use behaviors, sexual behaviors, or both), and substance use (diagnoses, alcohol/drug use, questionnaire scores) variables, and there is little consistency in the methods used across studies in terms of instrumentation and time-frames (i.e., the past one, six, and twelve months have all been used) of reported symptoms/indicators (see Meade & Weiss, 2007 for a review).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…The RBS has been used in other studies to measure HIV-risk sexual behavior both in terms of the frequency of unprotected sexual behaviors (Hien, Campbell, Killeen, Hu, Hansen, Jiang, et al, 2010) and the number of sexual partners (Meade, Weiss, Fitzmaurice, Poole, Subramaniam, Patkar, et al, 2010). Participants’ reported number of sexual partners was assessed to measure HIV-risk sexual behavior, consistent with previous investigations (Belenko et al, 2005; Holmes et al, 2005; Kang et al, 2002; Knittel et al, 2013; Mark et al, 2006; Meade et al, 2009; Richter, Komarek, Desmond, Celentano, Morin, Sweat, et al, 2013). Participants’ reported frequency of unprotected sexual behaviors (various unprotected penetrative and oral sexual behaviors with men and women) was also assessed, consistent with previous research (Dausey & Desai, 2003; Disney et al, 2006; McHugh et al, 2012) including a psychiatric population (Meade et al, 2008).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychiatric Severity and HIV-Risk Sexual Behaviors Among Persons With Substance Use Disorders

Majer

Komer

Jason

2014

Journal of Dual Diagnosis

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Objective The relationship between mental illness and human-immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-risk sexual behavior among persons with substance use disorders is not well established because of differences in assessing psychiatric factors (types, symptoms, severity), substance use (diagnosis, survey responses, past substance use) and HIV-risk sexual behaviors (individual measures, combination of sex/drug use risk behaviors) across studies. This study utilized a more global and dimensional aspect of psychiatric issues (problem severity), to examine the relationship with HIV-risk sexual behaviors and substance use among persons with substance use disorders. Methods Participants included 224 men and 46 women, with a mean age of 40.4 years (SD = 9.5). The most common substances were heroin/opiates, with 41.4% reporting use of these substances (n = 110, 110/266), while 27.8% reported using cocaine (n = 74, 74/266) and 12.8% reported using alcohol (n = 34, 34/266). Of all participants, 39 (14.4%) were identified as having high psychiatric severity (defined using the psychiatric severity score from the Addiction Severity Index), which was used as an indication of probable comorbid psychiatric and substance use disorders. Among these participants likely to have comorbid disorders, hierarchical linear regression was conducted to examine HIV-risk sexual behaviors (number of partners and unprotected sexual behaviors in the past 30 days) in relation to psychiatric severity, substance use, and gender. Results Gender (women) and psychiatric severity (higher) were significantly related to greater HIV-risk sexual behaviors. After entering gender and substance use into the regression model, psychiatric severity accounted for another 21.9% of the variance in number of partners and 14.1% of the variance in unprotected sexual behaviors. Overall, the models accounted for 55.5% and 15.6% of the variance, respectively. A significant interaction was found for number of partners (but not frequency of unprotected behavior), such that those higher in psychiatric severity and higher in substance use had a greater number of sexual partners. The model including this interaction term accounted for 63.4% of the variance in number of partners. Conclusions Findings suggest psychiatric severity is an underlying risk factor for HIV-risk sexual behavior among persons with substance use disorders who have various psychiatric comorbidities.

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“…(Fogel and Belyea 1999; Ricks et al 2014; Knittel et al 2013; MacGowan et al 2003). However, the few comparative studies suggest there are significant differences in risk behaviors by gender.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in HIV risk behaviors in individuals recently released from prison: results of a pilot study

et al. 2015

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BackgroundIndividuals recently released from prison engage in risky behaviors that predispose them to contracting HIV. Women may be at increased risk in the immediate period post-release, given higher rates of poverty, food insecurity, and substance dependence and lower educational attainment compared with men.MethodsWe describe gender differences in HIV risk behaviors using validated measures and assess potential mediators of this relationship using data from a cross-sectional study of 109 individuals recently released from prison.ResultsWomen had higher rates of HIV drug-related risk behaviors compared with men (mean score 2.72 vs. 0.068; p = .003) and HIV sex-related risk behaviors (mean score 4.32 vs. 2.31; p = .016). Women also had higher mean incomes and severity of drug and alcohol use compared with men, but equally high rates of food insecurity and low levels of AIDS knowledge. In multivariate analysis, the relationship between gender and HIV drug-related and sex-related risk behaviors was attenuated by a greater monthly income ([drug] adjusted β 0.82, 95% CI -1.02 – 2.66, p = 0.38; [sex] adjusted β 0.75, 95% CI -1.04 – 2.54, p = 0.41), as well as severity of drug use ([drug] adjusted β 0.79, 95% CI -0.55 – 2.13, p = 0.24; [sex] adjusted β 0.09, 95% CI -1.17 – 1.35, p = 0.89).ConclusionsWomen had higher rates of HIV risk behaviors compared with men post-release. Gender specific interventions may be useful in reducing risky drug-related and sex-related behaviors in the period immediately following release.

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Incarceration and Sexual Risk: Examining the Relationship Between Men’s Involvement in the Criminal Justice System and Risky Sexual Behavior

Cited by 27 publications

References 17 publications

Predictors of Abstinence Self-Efficacy: Examining the Role of HIV-Risk Sexual Behavior

Predictors of Abstinence Self-Efficacy: Examining the Role of HIV-Risk Sexual Behavior

Psychiatric Severity and HIV-Risk Sexual Behaviors Among Persons With Substance Use Disorders

Gender differences in HIV risk behaviors in individuals recently released from prison: results of a pilot study

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