Incarcerated Amyand hernia: Previous warning signs on sonogram

Amyand’s Hernia: A Case Study

“…12 Intestinal rotation is one cause it may originate on the left side, and it may also be identified in infants with low birth weight, as their colon is not adequately fixed. 10…”

“…12 Intestinal rotation is one cause it may originate on the left side, and it may also be identified in infants with low birth weight, as their colon is not adequately fixed. 10 Management of Amyand's hernia is debatable, with advantages and disadvantages for each treatment choice. 12 However, with mortality rates near 30%, it is essential to understand this rare condition as to not delay diagnosis and treatment.…”

“…15 However, the diagnosis of Amyand's hernia is often difficult due to nonspecific symptoms and its rare occurrence. 10 Frequently, Amyand's hernia is an incidental finding. 5 According to the literature, only 1 in 60 cases have been diagnosed preoperatively and the majority of them are discovered intraoperatively.…”

“…1 In addition, sonography is the imaging modality of choice for pediatric patients to reduce radiation exposure. 10 Amyand's appendix sonogram is positive if a noncompressible tubular structure inside the hernial sac is found. Sonography of the normal appendix is ≤6 mm long showing echogenic mucosa, hypoechoic muscularis mucosa, echogenic submucosa, hypoechoic muscularis propria, and echogenic serosa.…”

“…5 Amyand's hernia is diagnosed in 0.1% of all inguinal hernias and an inflammation of an appendix is only seen in 0.1% of cases. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] It is postulated that a herniated appendix has a higher risk of becoming inflamed due to the hernial neck being narrow and causing restricted blood flow, which leads to inflammation and edema. 4 Asgill et al 11 explained how Amyand's hernia was first described in 1731 by French surgeon Rene-Jacques Croissant de Garengeot.…”