Inbreeding studies in Brasilian schoolchildren

Freire‐Maia, N.; Chautard‐Freire‐Maia, Eleidi A.; Aguiar-Wolter, Iêda P. de; Azevedo-Fialho, Maria da Graça; Azevedo, Marlene; Krieger, Henrique; Barbosa, C. A. A.; Cat, Izrail; Marinoni, Leide Parolin; Giraldi, Dinarte J.; Müller, Valderez S.; Monte-Serrat, Ísis S.; Kreiger, H.

doi:10.1002/ajmg.1320160306

Cited by 22 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Other authors have demonstrated the same finding: the radiation levels are much below the permissible levels (10,11) . Considering that the permissible dose limit for the general population is 1.0 mSv/year; that in certain Brazilian regions the natural radiation level is between 7.0 and 12.0 mSv/year (12) ; and that the radiation levels described by the present study are frequently non-relevant, it seems that the current regulation requirements are exaggerated. These considerations lead to the conclusion that an appropriate instruction on radiological protection principles seems to be enough for the effective protection of the nursing staff involved in the assistance to patients submitted to 131 I therapy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Exposição ocupacional de auxiliares de enfermagem na iodoterapia durante 11 anos

Calegaro

Teixeira

2007

Radiol Bras

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OBJECTIVE: The present study was aimed at evaluating the occupational exposure of nursing staff in charge of inpatients undergoing 131 I therapy during 11 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The exposure situations were classified according to a questionnaire answered by three nursing attendants, correlating the procedures with activities, distances and amount of time in the iodotherapy room. Records of received doses by two types of dosimeters were evaluated over two subsequent periods. In both periods the nursing attendants received instructions about radiological protection. RESULTS: In usual situations, their amount of time in the iodotherapy room was in compliance with the standard time established by the service. In unusual situations, where the patient needed assistance for mobility, the exposure period was above the standard. However, this exposure occurs casually (only one or two times a year). During the period between 1993 and 1999 (dosimetric films) there were ten dose records, all of them at record level. From 2000 to 2003 (thermoluminescent dosimeters) ten dose records were also obtained, with only one of them at the investigation level. During this study period, the mean 131 I activity was doubled. CONCLUSION: Despite the increased levels of activity there was no significant increase in dose to nursing attendants. Keywords: Occupational exposure; Effective dose; External individual monitoring; Iodo-therapy.Avaliação da exposição ocupacional de auxiliares de enfermagem na iodoterapia durante 11 anos. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a exposição ocupacional de auxiliares de enfermagem encarregados da assistência aos pacientes internados para terapia com 131 I, num período de 11 anos. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: As situações de exposição foram classificadas de acordo com as respostas de três atendentes a um questionário que relaciona os procedimentos realizados às atividades administradas, às distâncias e aos tempos de permanência na enfermaria. Os registros das doses recebidas em dois tipos de dosímetros, em dois períodos subseqüentes, foram analisados. Em ambos os períodos os atendentes receberam instruções de proteção radiológica. RESULTADOS: Nas situações comuns o tempo de permanência na enfermaria está dentro do tempo de referência utilizado. Nas situações não-comuns, quando o paciente necessita de auxílio na locomoção, o tempo de exposição está acima do tempo de referência, no entanto, essa exposição ocorre somente uma ou duas vezes por ano. No período de 1993 a 1999 (filme dosimétrico) houve dez registros de doses, sendo todas ao nível de registro. No período de 2000 a 2003 (dosímetro termoluminescente) houve dez registros de doses, sendo uma delas situada no nível de investigação. Nesse período a atividade média utilizada duplicou. CONCLUSÃO: Não foi observado aumento significante nas doses dos atendentes. Unitermos: Exposição ocupacional; Dose efetiva; Monitoração individual externa; Iodoterapia. AbstractResumo

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Exposição ocupacional de auxiliares de enfermagem na iodoterapia durante 11 anos

Calegaro

Teixeira

2007

Radiol Bras

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“…Several studies were carried out dealing with the effect of inbreeding on reproductive wastage and ended up with variable inferences drawn from them. Some authors demonstrated a significant role: (Sutter & Tabah 1952, 1953, Slatis et al 1958, El-Sherbini 1967, Stern 1973, Freire-Maia et al 1983.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of consanguineous marriages on reproductive wastage

et al. 1986

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A stratified representative sample size of 5,007 Kuwaiti females aged 15 years and above was drawn during 1983 and structurally interviewed to study the influence of consanguineous marriages (up to the second cousin) on reproductive wastage. Losses comprised prenatal deaths (abortions and stillbirths) and neonatal deaths (up to the first month of life). The rate of consanguineous mating in the sample was 54.3% with 95% confidence limits estimated rate 52.9% to 55.7% when projected over the whole Kuwaiti population. First cousin marriages accounted for 30.2% of the sample followed by 22.1 YO less than first cousin (first cousin once removed and second cousins) and 2% only double first cousin. The study showed higher prenatal and neonatal losses among consanguineous (l4.2%, 2.97%) than nonconsanguineous (13.97%, 2.54%) although not statistically significant. No consistent increase in reproductive wastage was evident as the inbreeding coefficient, F, advances mainly because of decline in the wastage rate among the double first cousin marriages which represents only 2% of our sample.

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“…Dominance variance may be difficult to estimate in study designs where genome-wide additive and dominance coefficients are highly correlated [26]. Independently of GWAS, epidemiologists have long observed associations between parental relatedness and reduced height [28], [29], [30], [31], although not all studies have found such an association [32], [33]. A recent small study of the isolated Norfolk Island population found an association between reduced height and both parental relatedness (estimated from genealogical data) and genome-wide homozygosity (estimated from microsatellite markers) [34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of Inbreeding Depression on Human Height

McQuillan¹,

Eklund²,

Pirastu³

et al. 2012

PLoS Genet

100

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Stature is a classical and highly heritable complex trait, with 80%–90% of variation explained by genetic factors. In recent years, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have successfully identified many common additive variants influencing human height; however, little attention has been given to the potential role of recessive genetic effects. Here, we investigated genome-wide recessive effects by an analysis of inbreeding depression on adult height in over 35,000 people from 21 different population samples. We found a highly significant inverse association between height and genome-wide homozygosity, equivalent to a height reduction of up to 3 cm in the offspring of first cousins compared with the offspring of unrelated individuals, an effect which remained after controlling for the effects of socio-economic status, an important confounder (χ2 = 83.89, df = 1; p = 5.2×10−20). There was, however, a high degree of heterogeneity among populations: whereas the direction of the effect was consistent across most population samples, the effect size differed significantly among populations. It is likely that this reflects true biological heterogeneity: whether or not an effect can be observed will depend on both the variance in homozygosity in the population and the chance inheritance of individual recessive genotypes. These results predict that multiple, rare, recessive variants influence human height. Although this exploratory work focuses on height alone, the methodology developed is generally applicable to heritable quantitative traits (QT), paving the way for an investigation into inbreeding effects, and therefore genetic architecture, on a range of QT of biomedical importance.

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Inbreeding studies in Brasilian schoolchildren

Cited by 22 publications

References 28 publications

Exposição ocupacional de auxiliares de enfermagem na iodoterapia durante 11 anos

Exposição ocupacional de auxiliares de enfermagem na iodoterapia durante 11 anos

The effect of consanguineous marriages on reproductive wastage

Evidence of Inbreeding Depression on Human Height

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