Inbred strains of zebrafish exhibit variation in growth performance and myostatin expression following fasting

Meyer, Ben M.; Froehlich, Jacob Michael; Galt, Nicholas J.; Biga, Peggy R.

doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2012.10.004

Cited by 43 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…The zebrafish research community uses a wide variety of fish lines (Trevarrow and Robison (2004). Certain inbred lines are less fit than others (Meyer et al 2013; Monson and Sadler 2010), whereas we are not aware of documentation of variability in chlorine toxicity of embryos amongst different lines, caution should be applied when applying the treatment protocols that we recommend here to other, perhaps more fragile populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of chlorine to zebrafish embryos

Kent¹,

Buchner²,

Barton³

et al. 2014

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Surface disinfection of fertilized fish eggs is widely used in aquaculture to reduce extraovum pathogens that may be released from brood fish during spawning, and this is routinely used in zebrafish (Danio rerio) research laboratories. Most laboratories use approximately 25 – 50 ppm unbuffered chlorine solution for 5 – 10 min. Treatment of embryos with chlorine has significant germicidal effects for many Gram-negative bacteria, viruses, and trophozoite stages of protozoa, it has reduced efficacy against cyst or spore stages of protozoa and certain Mycobacterium spp. Therefore, we evaluated the toxicity of unbufferred and buffered chlorine solution to embryos exposed at 6 or 24 hours post-fertilization (hpf) to determine if higher concentrations can be used for treating zebrafish embryos. Most of our experiments entailed using an outbred line (5D), with both mortality and malformations as endpoints. We found that 6 hpf embryos consistently were more resistant than 24 hpf embryos to the toxic effects of chlorine. Chlorine is more toxic and germicidal at lower pHs, and chlorine causes elevated pH. Consistent with this, we found that unbufferred chlorine solutions (pH ca 8–9) were less toxic at corresponding concentrations than solutions buffered to pH 7. Based on our findings here, we recommend treating 6 hpf embryos for 10 min and 24 hpf for 5 min with unbuffered chlorine solution at 100 ppm. One trial indicated that AB fish, a popular outbred line, are more susceptible to toxicity than 5Ds. This suggests that variability between zebrafish lines occurs, and researchers should evaluate each line or strain under their particular laboratory conditions for selection of the optimum chlorine treatment procedure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of chlorine to zebrafish embryos

Kent¹,

Buchner²,

Barton³

et al. 2014

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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show abstract

“…A dissociation curve was performed for each assay to ensure primer specificity by running a single cycle as follows: 95 °C for 1 min, 55 °C for 30 s, and 95 °C for 30 s. All data were analyzed using Mx3000P system software (Stratagene). All assays utilized a comparative baseline strategy using the ΔC q method that standardized raw data to starting input cDNA quantity (Bustin et al, 2009; De Santis et al, 2001; Meyer et al 2013). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Samples were then centrifuged and plasma was isolated from packed cells. Glucose levels were analyzed in plasma (5 μL) using an Accu-Chek glucose meter (Roche) as previously described (Galt et al, 2013; Meyer et al, 2013). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of exogenous cortisol on myostatin transcription in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Galt

Froehlich

Remily

et al. 2014

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular &

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Glucocorticoids (GCs) strongly regulate myostatin transcript levels in mammals via glucocorticoid response elements (GREs) in the myostatin promoter, and bioinformatics methods suggest that this regulatory mechanism is conserved among many vertebrates. However, the multiple myostatin genes found in some fishes may be an exception. In rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), two genome duplication events have produced three putatively functional myostatin genes, myostatin-1a, -1b and -2a, which are ubiquitously and differentially expressed. In addition, in silico promoter analyses of the rainbow trout myostatin promoters have failed to identify putative GREs, suggesting a divergence in myostatin function. Therefore, we hypothesized that myostatin mRNA expression is not regulated by glucocorticoids in rainbow trout. In this study, both juvenile rainbow trout and primary trout myoblasts were treated with cortisol to examine the relationship between this glucocorticoid and myostatin mRNA expression. Results suggest that exogenous cortisol does not regulate myostatin-1a and -1b expression in vivo, as myostatin mRNA levels were not significantly affected by cortisol treatment in either red or white muscle tissue. In red muscle, myostatin-2a levels were significantly elevated in the cortisol treatment group relative to the control, but not the vehicle control, at both 12 h and 24 h post-injection. As such, it is unclear if cortisol was acting alone or in combination with the vehicle. Cortisol increased myostatin-1b expression in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. Further work is needed to determine if this response is the direct result of cortisol acting on the myostatin-1b promoter or through an alternative mechanism. These results suggest that regulation of myostatin by cortisol may not be as highly conserved as previously thought and support previous work that describes potential functional divergence of the multiple myostatin genes in fishes.

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“…Also notably, these strains are expected to be highly genetically distinct (Meyer et al, 2013). If a difference between these two strains is found, it will enable one to perform quantitative trait loci analysis (QTL) leading to the eventual identification of genes underlying the natural genetic variance between the strains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strain dependent neurochemical changes induced by embryonic alcohol exposure in zebrafish

Mahabir

Chatterjee

Gerlai

2014

Neurotoxicology and Teratology

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Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is a preventable disease of the child resulting from alcohol (ethanol) consumption by pregnant women. Despite being preventable, FASD represents a prevalent problem throughout the world. Embryonic alcohol induced abnormalities in behavioral responses to social stimuli have been shown in humans and zebrafish. The neurobiological mechanisms underlying the abnormalities remain obscured. Here we start a mechanistic analysis by investigating the effect of embryonic alcohol exposure on the neurochemistry of zebrafish. The differeing severity of symptoms seen in FASD may be partially due to genetic factors. To explore such genetic effects, here we analyzed two distinct zebrafish strains: AB and TU. Zebrafish were exposed to one of the following concentrations of alcohol, 0.00%, 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, 1.00% (vol/vol %) at 24 hours post-fertilization (hpf) for 2 hours. From whole brain extracts we analyzed the amount of neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin and their metabolites across 4 different developmental time points: 15, 40, 70 and 102 days post- fertilization (dpf) using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). AB zebrafish exhibited a significant dose dependent embryonic alcohol exposure effect which increased in robustness with age. However, TU showed no such concentration effect: the levels of neurochemicals remained mainly unaltered by embryonic alcohol exposure in all age groups. We also analyzed the amount of alcohol reaching the embryo in the two strains and ruled out the possibility that TU has a more protective chorion. We conclude that the uncovered strain differences are due to genetic differences that protect TU from the deleterious effects of embryonic alcohol exposure.

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Inbred strains of zebrafish exhibit variation in growth performance and myostatin expression following fasting

Cited by 43 publications

References 40 publications

Toxicity of chlorine to zebrafish embryos

Toxicity of chlorine to zebrafish embryos

The effects of exogenous cortisol on myostatin transcription in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Strain dependent neurochemical changes induced by embryonic alcohol exposure in zebrafish

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