Inappropriate Use of Antibiotics and Its Associated Factors among Urban and Rural Communities of Bahir Dar City Administration, Northwest Ethiopia

Abstract

BackgroundInappropriate use of antibiotics in the community plays a role in the emergence and spread of bacteria resistant to antibiotics which threatens human health significantly. The present study was designed to determine inappropriate use of antibiotics and its associated factors among urban and rural communities of Bahir Dar city administration.MethodsA comparative cross sectional study design was conducted in urban and rural kebeles of Bahir Dar city administration from February 1 to March 28, 2014. A total of 1082 participants included in the study using a systematic random sampling technique. Data was collected using pre-tested and structured questionnaire. Data was coded and entered into SPSSS version 16 for statistical analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression model were used to identify factors associated with inappropriate use of antibiotics.ResultsInappropriate use of antibiotics was 30.9% without significant difference between urban (33.1%) and rural (29.2%) communities. From the inappropriate antibiotic use practice, self-medication was 18.0% and the remaining (12.9%) was for family member medication. Respiratory tract symptoms (74.6%), diarrhea (74.4%), and physical injury/wound (64.3%) were the three main reasons that the communities had used antibiotics inappropriately. Factors associated with inappropriate use of antibiotics were low educational status, younger age, unsatisfaction with the health care services, engagement with a job, and low knowledge on the use of antibiotic preparations of human to animals.ConclusionsInappropriate use of antibiotic exists in the study area with no significant difference between urban and rural communities. The study indicated an insight on what factors that intervention should be made to reduce inappropriate use of antibiotics in the community. Interventions that consider age groups, educational status, common health problems and their jobs together with improvement of health care services should be areas of focus to reduce inappropriate use of antibiotics.

Drug Prescribing and Dispensing Practices in Tertiary Care Hospital of Eastern Ethiopia: Evaluation with World Health Organization Core Prescribing and Patient Care Indicators

“…The percentage of encounters with antibiotics prescribed was found to be 50.67% which is too much higher than the upper limit of WHO standard, 30% (ideal range, 20-26.8%) [10]. Values that are lower than this finding and closer to the WHO standard were reported from different areas of the globe including 30.3% and 31.8% in Indian healthcare settings [22,30], 29.14% and 31.8% in GUTRH and Bahir Dar, respectively, Ethiopia [19,31]. However, several reports indicated that the prevalence of prescriptions containing antibiotics is even more than this finding.…”

A Study on Antibiotics Prescribing Pattern at Outpatient Department in Four Hospitals in Aden-Yemen

“…Another factors for misuse and abuse of antibiotics are illiteracy, ignorance and poverty among the people of resource poor countries. [1][2][3] Development of antibiotic resistance is an alarming issue due to inappropriate use of antibiotics and it is a serious challenge to the healthcare professionals. [4] At healthcare professional level, the most common problems with antibiotic therapy are their proper selection, dose and duration.…”

Epidemiology of paediatric gastrointestinal colonisation by extended spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in north-west Cambodia

“…Helminth infestation may also result in inappropriate antimicrobial use, including antibiotics, perhaps leading to secondary colonization with drug-resistant commensals. The decreased risk associated with school attendance has been observed in a previous study in Spain(17), and may represent a proxy marker for increased socio-economic status, and parental levels of education, which were not evaluated here, but may translate into better awareness of appropriate antibiotic use(18, 19). The decreased risk associated with male gender is unexplained; but independent associations for ESBL-EC/KP colonization have been described for both genders in previous studies(15, 20, 21).…”