Inappropriate supply of antibiotics for common viral infections by community pharmacies in Vietnam: A standardised patient survey

Outpatient antibiotic prescribing for acute respiratory infections in Vietnamese primary care settings by the WHO AWaRe (Access, Watch and Reserve) classification: an analysis using routinely collected electronic prescription data

“… 49 A recent study shows that antibiotics were inappropriately supplied to 92% of adults requesting treatment for upper respiratory tract infection symptoms at community pharmacies. 50 Because a course of antibiotic treatment is generally not costly, patients will purchase antibiotics at retail pharmacies if a prescriber refuses to prescribe antibiotics without solid evidence that antibiotic treatment is unnecessary. 51 …”

Impact of point-of-care C-reactive protein testing intervention on non-prescription dispensing of antibiotics for respiratory tract infections in private community pharmacies in Nigeria: a cluster randomized controlled trial

“…This is the first study to assess the impact of access to CRP test kits—and staff training on how to use them in RTI management—on the non-prescription dispensation of antibiotics for RTI in PCPs, a situation that is largely seen in many resource-limited settings [ 9 , 23 , 24 ]. Previous studies that assessed the impact of access to CRP test kits—and staff training on how to use them in RTI management—in PCPs [ 25 , 26 ] focused on how the rate at which patients subsequently visit a general practitioner with the hope of receiving an antibiotic prescription got affected.…”

Infectious Disease Surveillance in Vietnam: Pathogen Early Detection in Hanoi Wastewater

“…21 As a consequence, the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 is likely to exacerbate AMR worldwide, especially in Vietnam where direct accessibility of consumers to pharmacies has led to the overuse and abuse of antibiotics. 22 The emergence of AMR happens primarily in the community, from where it is brought into clinics and hospitals, especially in a setting like Vietnam where antibiotic usage is not regulated. 22 In general, medical doctors only see a small proportion of patients who take antibiotics, mostly those severe cases that require specialist referral or hospitalization.…”

“…22 The emergence of AMR happens primarily in the community, from where it is brought into clinics and hospitals, especially in a setting like Vietnam where antibiotic usage is not regulated. 22 In general, medical doctors only see a small proportion of patients who take antibiotics, mostly those severe cases that require specialist referral or hospitalization. Importantly, the community surveillance technology that has been outlined here has the potential to improve antimicrobial stewardship and thereby to preserve the life-saving power of current antibiotics.…”