Inappropriate Antibiotic Use in Zimbabwe in the COVID-19 Era: A Perfect Recipe for Antimicrobial Resistance

Chitungo, Itai; Dzinamarira, Tafadzwa; Nyazika, Tinashe K.; Herrera, Helena; Musuka, Godfrey; Murewanhema, Grant

doi:10.3390/antibiotics11020244

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…An interview-based study in Nigeria reported up to a 6-fold increase in antibiotic use among local pharmacists during the first wave of COVID-19 in 2020 ( 37 ). There have been reports concerning the inappropriate and increased use of antibiotics during the COVID-19 pandemic in low- and middle-income countries, such as Zimbabwe ( 38 ), Malawi, and Uganda ( 39 ). This includes antibiotics used in the hospital and at home (over-the-counter drugs without a prescription).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on antibiotic consumption: A systematic review comparing 2019 and 2020 data

Fukushige

Ngo²,

Lukmanto³

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has influenced antibiotic consumption over a long period, with variability in trends among studies. We conducted this systematic review to explore and compare the effect of the pandemic on overall and individual antibiotic consumption in 2020 with that in 2019.MethodsThis systematic literature review was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases. Data on antibiotic consumption in Japan was sourced from the Japan Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption.ResultsA total of 1,442 articles and reports were screened, and 16 eligible articles were reviewed. The included studies were conducted in Jordan, Australia, Canada, UK, Japan, Brazil, India, China, and the EU. There was no study from African and Southeast Asian Countries. Overall, antibiotic consumption in the community consistently reduced in 2020. Studies from Australia, Canada, Portugal, Spain, the UK, Japan, and the European Union reported both decreases in overall and selected individual antibiotics consumption. In contrast, hospital-based studies reported both increases and decreases. Hospital-based studies in Lebanon, Spain, Italy, India, and the UK reported an increase in antibiotic consumption in 2020. Studies reporting an interruption of antibiotic stewardship programs during the pandemic also reported increases in antibiotic consumption for hospitalized patients in 2020 compared with that in 2019.ConclusionOur results showed a different trend between communities and hospitals in antibiotic consumption during 2020 compared to 2019. The continuity of the antibiotic stewardship program might have influenced the antibiotic consumption trend variability among hospitals in 2020. Alongside this, the lack of information on antibiotic consumption from low-income countries and limited reports from middle-income countries revealed gaps that need to be urgently filled.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on antibiotic consumption: A systematic review comparing 2019 and 2020 data

Fukushige

Ngo²,

Lukmanto³

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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show abstract

“…Additionally, Chitungo et al stated that the COVID-19 pandemic has led to extensive use of antibiotics due to the lack of knowledge about the disease at the early stages of the pandemic. They concluded that such inappropriate use of antibiotics during COVID-19 has intensified the risk of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) [ 49 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Associated with Length of Hospital Stay among COVID-19 Patients in Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Study during the First Pandemic Wave

et al. 2022

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The COVID-19 pandemic severely affected healthcare systems and tested their preparedness. To date, the length of hospital stay (LoHS) and its factors among COVID-19 patients has not been thoroughly studied. Moreover, it is essential to identify the features of these patients. Adult COVID-19 patients in Saudi Arabia with complete electronic medical records and who were hospitalised for >1 day between 1 May 2020 and 30 July 2020 at one of two hospitals were considered for this retrospective cohort study. Descriptive statistics and multivariate generalized linear models were performed using the data. Of the patients, 34% were ≥50 years old and 80.14% were female. More than 70% had mild-to-moderate symptoms; 45% had either diabetes or hypertension. The median LoHS was 7.00 days (IQR: 3–11). Patients who were females, had either critical or severe disease, were on mechanical ventilation, had diabetes, and administered ceftriaxone had significantly longer LoHS (p < 0.05). Patients administered zinc sulphate had significantly shorter LoHS (p = 0.0008). During the first pandemic wave, COVID-19 patients were hospitalised for 7 days. Healthcare professionals should pay more attention to women, patients with diabetes, and those with severe or critical symptoms. Unnecessary use of ceftriaxone should be minimised, and zinc sulphate can be administered.

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“… 39 Countries should be closely tracking the use of antibiotics amid the COVID-19 pandemic and training health workers on antimicrobial stewardship. 40 , 41 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The response to COVID-19 among drug retail outlets in Indonesia: A cross-sectional survey of knowledge, attitudes, and practices

Mashuri

Wulandari

Khan

et al. 2022

The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific

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Inappropriate Antibiotic Use in Zimbabwe in the COVID-19 Era: A Perfect Recipe for Antimicrobial Resistance

Cited by 21 publications

References 42 publications

Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on antibiotic consumption: A systematic review comparing 2019 and 2020 data

Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on antibiotic consumption: A systematic review comparing 2019 and 2020 data

Factors Associated with Length of Hospital Stay among COVID-19 Patients in Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Study during the First Pandemic Wave

The response to COVID-19 among drug retail outlets in Indonesia: A cross-sectional survey of knowledge, attitudes, and practices

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