Inadequate thickness of the weight-bearing surface of claws in ruminants : clinical review

Shakespeare, A.

doi:10.4102/jsava.v80i4.221

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In other publications, soles were designated as 'thin' if the sole horn thickness was < 5 mm. [ 5 , 7 , 10 , 14 ]. In the present investigation, sole thickness was about 5 mm, which was related to a higher dorsal wall thickness as previously described [ 5 , 10 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonographic and macroscopic comparison of the thickness of the capsule, corium, and soft tissues in bovine claws: anin vitrostudy

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study aimed to compare thickness of the capsule, corium, and soft tissues measured ultrasonographically and macroscopically in selected regions of bovine claws. A hundred and twenty claws (n = 120) of 15 healthy Holstein bovines were obtained. After cleaning the claws, ultrasonographic measurement of the capsule, corium, and soft tissues was performed while submerging the claws in a water bath. Macroscopic measurements were taken after cutting of the claws axially. These values were compared statistically. According to the macroscopic measurements, the mean thickness ± standard deviation (SD) of the capsule for dorsal wall and sole was 6.2 ± 0.1 and 9.5 ± 0.4 mm, respectively. The thickness of the corium and soft tissues for dorsal wall and sole was 4.5 ± 0.1 and 5.3 ± 0.1 mm, respectively. Ultrasonographically, the mean thickness ± SD of the capsule for dorsal wall and sole was 4.7 ± 0.1 and 7.8 ± 0.3 mm, respectively. The thickness of the corium and soft tissues for dorsal wall and sole was 4.3 ± 0.1 and 5.9 ± 0.2 mm, respectively. Findings demonstrated that ultrasonography can be reliably to measure of the thickness of the hoof capsule, corium, and soft tissue in bovine claw.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonographic and macroscopic comparison of the thickness of the capsule, corium, and soft tissues in bovine claws: anin vitrostudy

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…zones 1 and 2, and is one of the main causes of lameness in many dairy herds (Sanders et al, 2009;Shakespeare, 2009). According to the linear equations describing the relationship between DW length and sole horn thickness at the apex, sole thickness >5 mm correlates with DW lengths of 72.1 and 72.7 mm in the inner and outer claws, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evaluations of a variety of causative factors other than DW length associated with changes in sole thickness, and rotations of the distal phalanx will be important for the maintenance of healthy claws and prevention of claw diseases. Thin sole occurrences are also likely to be related to age, feeding, floor condition (e.g., grooved concrete), lactation, and laminitis (Vermunt and Greenough, 1995;Nocek, 1997;Shakespeare, 2009;Laven et al, 2012). Claw overgrowth could also indicate an increased rate of horn growth rather than a simple lack of wear (Vermunt and Greenough, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over-trimming is one of the main causes of thin soles, which is a suboptimal thickness of the weight-bearing surface of bovine claws (Shakespeare, 2009). Sole horn thickness is frequently <5 mm in the softer sole surface, which is easily compressible by thumb pressure because thin soles induce exposure of the softer and immature horn (Kofler, 1999; van Amstel et al, 2003;Laven et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Quantitative evaluation of the relationship between dorsal wall length, sole thickness, and rotation of the distal phalanx in the bovine claw using computed tomography

Tsuka

Murahata

Aso

et al. 2014

Journal of Dairy Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Computed tomography (CT) was performed on 800 untrimmed claws (400 inner claws and 400 outer claws) of 200 pairs of bovine hindlimbs to investigate the relationships between dorsal wall length and sole thickness, and between dorsal wall length and the relative rotation angle of distal phalanx-to-sole surface (S-D angle). Sole thickness was 3.8 and 4.0 mm at the apex of the inner claws and outer claws, respectively, with dorsal wall lengths <70 mm. These sole thickness values were less than the critical limit of 5 mm, which is associated with a softer surface following thinning of the soles. A sole thickness of 5 mm at the apex was estimated to correlate with dorsal wall lengths of 72.1 and 72.7 mm for the inner and outer claws, respectively. Sole thickness was 6.1 and 6.4 mm at the apex of the inner and outer claws, respectively, with dorsal wall lengths of 75 mm. These sole thickness values were less than the recommended sole thickness of 7 mm based on the protective function of the soles. A sole thickness >7 mm at the apex was estimated to correlate with a dorsal wall length of 79.8 and 78.4mm for the inner and outer claws, respectively. The S-D angles were recorded as anteversions of 2.9° and 4.7° for the inner and outer claws, respectively, with a dorsal wall length of 75 mm. These values indicate that the distal phalanx is likely to have rotated naturally forward toward the sole surface. The distal phalanx rotated backward to the sole surface at 3.2° and 7.6° for inner claws with dorsal wall lengths of 90-99 and ≥100 mm, respectively; and at 3.5° for outer claws with a dorsal wall length ≥100 mm. Dorsal wall lengths of 85.7 and 97.2 mm were estimated to correlate with a parallel positional relationship of the distal phalanx to the sole surface in the inner and outer claws, respectively.

show abstract

“…In general, capsule thickness varies greatly in the sole. The soles were designated as 'thin' if the sole horn thickness was more than 5 mm (Shakespeare, 2009). The Morphometrical was data essential for the designing of the template for the Cowslip were recorded ( Table 2).…”

Section: Morphometry Of Hoofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Cowslips from Rubber Wastes to Protect the Hoof of Animals - An Innovative Approach

Dhoolappa

Prasad

Lakshmishree

et al. 2020

IJAR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In dairy animals, lameness due to hoof and leg ailments is one of the major managemental problems which often results due to improper shoeing. It causes economic losses to the farmer and is also an important animal welfare issue. The main objective of the study was to design and develop affordable and durable Cowslips (rubberized shoes) for dairy animals to protect the hoof from injuries. The size range of the hooves was determined by measuring different hoof parameters on 46 dairy cows maintained at the institutional dairy farm. Based on the size-range data obtained, we designed and developed Cowslip of different sizes (small, medium and large) by using used rubber tyre wastes with the aim of withstanding an average body weight of the dairy animal (400-550 kg). Rubberized Cowslips prepared in the present study were evaluated for their retention periods and compared with the imported Cowslip devices. Rubberised Cowslip was found to be equally comparable with the commercial Cowslip in its efficiency and high affordability. These Cowslips will be helpful for the dairy farmers as a preventive device in the effective management of lame animals under field conditions. The data generated on morphometry of hoof would serve as a baseline data for designing indigenous Cowslips. Thus, effectively utilizing rubber obtained from scrap automobile tyre is not only beneficial in terms of cost reduction but has also the less ecological impact in keeping the environment clean and to achieve the better balance of natural resources.

show abstract

Inadequate thickness of the weight-bearing surface of claws in ruminants : clinical review

Cited by 11 publications

References 12 publications

Ultrasonographic and macroscopic comparison of the thickness of the capsule, corium, and soft tissues in bovine claws: anin vitrostudy

Ultrasonographic and macroscopic comparison of the thickness of the capsule, corium, and soft tissues in bovine claws: anin vitrostudy

Quantitative evaluation of the relationship between dorsal wall length, sole thickness, and rotation of the distal phalanx in the bovine claw using computed tomography

Preparation of Cowslips from Rubber Wastes to Protect the Hoof of Animals - An Innovative Approach

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About