Inadequate and Excessive Urinary Iodine Concentration in School Age Girls and Women in Makueni, Eastern Kenya

Bukania, Zipporah

doi:10.19104/jepm.2017.125

Cited by 1 publication

(4 citation statements)

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“…It is important to note that these findings illustrate a co-existence of both insufficiency and excess median UIC within the same population. Such a situation was also observed in a study in Makueni Kenya [3].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Iodine is required by the body for the production and functioning of thyroid hormones in the thyroid gland [1,2]. Chronic iodine intake below the recommended levels results in iodine deficiency (ID) a condition referred to as hypothyroidism [1] while constant intakes above recommended levels may cause hyperthyroidism [3]. Collectively, the consequences associated with ID are commonly referred to as iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides, delayed physical development, growth retardation, cretinism, and thyroid dysfunction [2,5]. Hyperthyroidism also impairs thyroid function and is associated with detrimental health effects such as iodine-induced hypothyroidism and autoimmune thyroid disease [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is estimated that more than 1.5 billion people are at risk of iodine deficiency disorders globally [8]. Over the past two decades, salt iodization has resulted in marked improved iodine status in over 150 countries [3]. In Kenya, the salt iodization programme is deemed successful as the household use of the salt is more than 90% [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Salt Iodization and Urinary Iodine Concentration Levels among Primary School Children in Mt. Elgon Sub-County, Kenya

Onteri

Makokha

Mokua

et al. 2021

AFSJ

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Aims: Iodine plays a key role in thyroid hormone production and functioning. Inadequate iodine intake results in iodine deficiency (ID) which impairs the normal functioning of the thyroid. The deficiency is responsible for damage to brain development, growth retardation, cretinism, and thyroid dysfunction. Millions of people have been condemned to a life of few prospects and continued underdevelopment due to ID. The study was conducted to assess iodine status among primary school children in the Mt. Elgon region and the impact of salt iodization on this status. Study Design: A school-based cross-sectional descriptive study to assess iodine status among primary school children was employed in the study. Study Area and Duration: The study was carried out in Kenya, Bungoma County, Mount Elgon Sub-County. The study period was between 27th November 2018 and 26th November 2019. Methodology: Healthy primary school children aged 6 to 12 years who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Spot urine samples were collected in schools, while water samples were collected from different water sources. Salt was collected from households (HH) and at distribution outlets. The Sandell Kolthoff reaction was used to analyse urine and water samples while salt was analysed using iodometric titration. Results: The median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was 200.7 µg/l. Out of which 0.55% were severely deficient, 5.25% moderately deficient, 18.23% with a mild deficiency, 25.69% had adequate iodine levels, 22.38% had more than adequate, and 27.90% had excess iodine levels. Household and salt samples from different distribution outlets that conformed to set standards of iodization were 49.4% and 63.64%, respectively. Iodine was not detected in all the water samples collected. Conclusion: The study population was found to have adequate iodine based on the median UIC of 200.7 µg/l. However, there was a coexistence of both deficiency and excessive UIC and salt iodization within the population. No iodine was detected in the water samples in the region.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%