Inactivation Strategies for Clostridium perfringens Spores and Vegetative Cells

Talukdar, Prabhat K.; Udompijitkul, Pathima; Hossain, Ashfaque; Sarker, Mahfuzur R.

doi:10.1128/aem.02731-16

Cited by 36 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…Improper holding temperatures and incomplete cooking of foods are recognized as major factors contributing to the development of C. perfringens FBOs (Sarker et al, 2000a). Moreover, vegetables may initially be contaminated by spores of C. perfringens (Xiao et al, 2012), while the cooking temperature of vegetable dishes is too low to destroy spores (Talukdar et al, 2016). C. perfringens can grow at temperatures from 20 to 53°C and spores can survive high temperatures (up to 95°C for 1 h) (McClane et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-Scale Genomic Analyses and Toxinotyping of Clostridium perfringens Implicated in Foodborne Outbreaks in France

Abdelrahim¹,

Radomski²,

Delannoy³

et al. 2019

Front. Microbiol.

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Clostridium perfringens is both an ubiquitous environmental bacterium and the fourth most common causative agent of foodborne outbreaks (FBOs) in France and Europe. These outbreaks are known to be caused by C. perfringens enterotoxin (CPE) encoded by the cpe gene. However, additional information on the toxin/virulence gene content of C. perfringens has become available in the last few years. Therefore, to understand the enteropathogenicity of this bacterium, we need to describe the toxin and virulence genes content of strains involved in FBOs. In this study, we used a new real-time PCR typing technique based on a comprehensive set of 17 genes encoding virulence factors. The analysis was performed on a collection of 141 strains involved in 42 FBOs in the Paris region. It was combined with whole genome sequence (WGS) phylogenomic reconstruction, based on the coregenome single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of 58 isolates, representatives of the identified virulence gene profiles. Two or three different virulence gene profiles were detected in 10 FBOs, demonstrating that C. perfringens FBOs may be associated with heterogeneous strains. cpe- positive strains were isolated in 23 outbreaks, confirming the prominent role of CPE in pathogenicity. However, while C. perfringens was the sole pathogen isolated from the incriminated food, the cpe gene was not detected in strains related to 13 outbreaks. This result indicates either that the standard method was not able to isolate cpe+ strains or that the cpe gene may not be the only determinant of the enterotoxigenic potential of C. perfringens strains. Using phylogenomic reconstruction, we identified two clades distinguishing chromosomal cpe -positive from cpe -negative and plasmid-borne cpe. Important epidemiological information was also garnered from this phylogenomic reconstruction that revealed unexpected links between different outbreaks associated with closely related strains (seven SNP differences) and having common virulence gene profiles. This study provides new insight into the characterization of foodborne C. perfringens and highlights the potential of WGS for the investigation of FBOs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-Scale Genomic Analyses and Toxinotyping of Clostridium perfringens Implicated in Foodborne Outbreaks in France

Abdelrahim¹,

Radomski²,

Delannoy³

et al. 2019

Front. Microbiol.

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“…But the jejunal pH recorded in the study due to challenge was lower. Alternatively, the toxins of C. perfringens might have been inactivated by proteolytic enzymes (trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen) from the pancreatic duct entering the duodenum ( Talukdar et al., 2016 ). Before getting to the jejunum, these enzymes might have been inactivated thus leaving the toxins free to exert their debilitating effect in the jejunum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Over-processed meat and bone meal and phytase effects on broilers challenged with subclinical necrotic enteritis: Part 1. Performance, intestinal lesions and pH, bacterial counts and apparent ileal digestibility

et al. 2020

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This feeding study investigated the hypothesis that over-processing of meat and bone meal (MBM) would impair the performance, gut health and ileal digestibility of nutrients in birds challenged with necrotic enteritis (NE). The effect of phytase (500 vs. 5,000 FTU/kg) was also examined using manufacturers recommended matrix values for 500 FTU for both levels. Ross 308 male broilers ( n = 768) were assigned to 8 diets, with 6 replicate pens per diet and 16 birds per replicate pen using a randomized design with a factorial arrangement of treatments. Factors were NE challenge (no or yes), MBM (as received or over-processed), and phytase level (500 or 5,000 FTU/kg). Half of the birds were challenged with 5,000 oocysts of field strains of Eimeria acervulina and Eimeria brunetti , and 2,500 oocysts of Eimeria maxima on d 9 and 10 8 CFU/mL of Clostridium perfringens strain EHE-NE18 on d 14 and 15 post-hatch. Challenge × MBM interactions were detected for weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and feed intake (FI) at d 14, 21 and 28, showing that challenged birds fed over-processed MBM had decreased WG ( P < 0.05) and FI ( P < 0.05) at d 14, increased FCR ( P < 0.05) at d 21 and decreased WG ( P < 0.05) and FI ( P > 0.05) at d 28. Birds fed low phytase had increased livability ( P < 0.05) at d 42. The challenge increased the prevalence and severity of NE induced lesions in the jejunum ( P < 0.05) and ileum ( P < 0.05). The birds fed over-processed MBM had decreased pH in the jejunum ( P < 0.05) and ileum ( P < 0.05) at d 16. High phytase increased apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of Ca ( P < 0.05) and P ( P < 0.05), and over-processed MBM increased AID of carbon (C; P < 0.05) and Ca ( P < 0.05) at d 29. The challenge increased the caecal counts of Lactobacillus spp. ( P < 0.05) and C. perfringens ( P < 0.05) at d 16. The results indicated that supplementation of diets with high phytase reduces the negative impact on performance from over-processed MBM during NE as a result of increased nutrient digestibility.

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“…On the opposite, high temperatures (135 • C to 190 • C) pre-treatments performed in order to increase accessibility of the enzymes to the substrate and, therefore, to enhance biogas production [53,54], may reduce the concentration of C. perfringens. Actually, the inactivation of C. perfringens spores can be achieved at temperatures of 110 • C [55]. Thus, high temperature pre-treatment or digestate composting may be applied to avoid C. perfringens spreading in soils.…”

Section: Antimicrobial Susceptibility Of C Perfringens Isolatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Clostridium Perfringens Isolates Collected from Three Agricultural Biogas Plants over a One-Year Period

Derongs

Druilhe

Ziebal

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Digestate produced by agricultural biogas plants (BGPs) may contain pathogenic bacteria. Among them, Clostridium perfringens deserves particular attention due to its ability to grow under anaerobic conditions and persist in amended soil. The aim of this study was to examine the potential pathogenicity and the antimicrobial resistance of C. perfringens in manure and digestate collected from three agricultural biogas plants (BGPs). A total of 157 isolates (92 from manure, 65 from digestate) were screened for genes encoding seven toxins (cpa, cpb, etx, iapcpe, netB, and cpb2). The 138 cpa positive isolates were then screened for tetA(P), tetB(P), tet(M), and erm(Q) genes and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. The toxinotypes identified in both manure and digestate were type A (78.3% of the isolates), type G (16.7%), type C (3.6%), and type D (1.4%), whereas none of the isolates were type F. Moreover, half of the isolates carried the cpb2 gene. The overall prevalence of tetA(P) gene alone, tetA(P)-tetB(P) genes, and erm(Q) gene was 31.9, 34.8, and 6.5%, respectively. None of the isolates harbored the tet(M) gene. Multiple antimicrobial resistant isolates were found in samples that were collected from all the manure and digestates. Among them, 12.3% were highly resistant to some of the antibiotics tested, especially to clindamycin (MIC ≥ 16 µg/mL) and tilmicosin (MIC > 64 µg/mL). Some isolates were highly resistant to antibiotics used in human medicine, including vancomycin (MIC > 8 µg/mL) and imipenem (MIC > 64 µg/mL). These results suggest that digestate may be a carrier of the virulent and multidrug resistant C. perfringens.

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Inactivation Strategies for Clostridium perfringens Spores and Vegetative Cells

Cited by 36 publications

References 109 publications

Large-Scale Genomic Analyses and Toxinotyping of Clostridium perfringens Implicated in Foodborne Outbreaks in France

Large-Scale Genomic Analyses and Toxinotyping of Clostridium perfringens Implicated in Foodborne Outbreaks in France

Over-processed meat and bone meal and phytase effects on broilers challenged with subclinical necrotic enteritis: Part 1. Performance, intestinal lesions and pH, bacterial counts and apparent ileal digestibility

Characterization of Clostridium Perfringens Isolates Collected from Three Agricultural Biogas Plants over a One-Year Period

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