Inactivation ofSalmonella enteritidis on shell eggs by novelN-halamine biocidal compounds

Worley, Brian S.; Wheatley, W. B.; Lauten, Susan D.; Williams, D. E.; Mora, E. C.; Worley, S. D.

doi:10.1007/bf01583730

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…[16][17][18] Thanks to these attractive properties, Nhalamine structures have been incorporated into different materials to provide potent, durable, and rechargeable biocidal functions against a broad spectrum of microorganisms. 17,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] We found that upon chlorination treatment with diluted sodium hypochlorite bleach, some of the amino groups of chitosan were transformed into Nhalamines. The chlorinated chitosan provided potent antimicrobial activity against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, and effectively prevented the formation of biofilms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…This process consumes chlorines, but the consumed chlorines can be readily recharged by another halogenation treatment 16–18. Thanks to these attractive properties, N ‐halamine structures have been incorporated into different materials to provide potent, durable, and rechargeable biocidal functions against a broad spectrum of microorganisms 17, 19–31…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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N‐halamine‐based chitosan: Preparation, characterization, and antimicrobial function

Cao

Sun

2007

J Biomedical Materials Res

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Upon chlorine bleach treatment, amino groups in chitosan were transformed into N-halamine structures. The transformation was confirmed by UV/VIS, XPS, DSC, and TGA evaluation and iodimetric titration. The N-halalmine-based chitosan provided total kill of 10(8)-10(9) colony forming units (CFU/mL) of E. coli (gram-negative bacteria) and S. aureus (gram-positive bacteria) in 10 and 60 min, respectively. SEM observations demonstrated that the chlorinated chitosan effectively prevented the formation of bacterial biofilms. The antimicrobial activity and bio film controlling function were stable for longer than 1 month; when the functions were lost due to extensive use and/or prolonged storage, they could be readily recharged by another bleach treatment. The antimicrobial mechanism was also discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

N‐halamine‐based chitosan: Preparation, characterization, and antimicrobial function

Cao

Sun

2007

J Biomedical Materials Res

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“…Conventional heat treatment, e.g., hot air or hot water pasteurization, is among the most promising methods [ 13 , 14 ]. Alongside, nonthermal microbial control, e.g., chlorine, ultraviolet light, electrolyzed oxidized water, quaternary ammonium compound (quat) sanitizer, N -halamine, and sodium hypochlorite are also modern approaches due to their efficacy, low costing, and simple mechanism [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. In a study, Wang and Slavik [ 19 ] reported a mere 3.4 and 6.7% of Salmonella enteritidis penetration into eggs after being washed with quat and sodium hypochlorite.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Quaternary Ammonium in Reducing Microbial Load on Eggs

et al. 2021

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Table eggs are an affordable yet nutritious protein source for humans. Unfortunately, eggs are a vector for bacteria that could cause foodborne illness. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a quaternary ammonium compound (quat) sanitizer against aerobic mesophilic bacteria, yeast, and mold load on the eggshell surface of free-range and commercial farms and the post-treatment effect on microbial load during storage. Total aerobic mesophilic bacteria, yeast, and molds were enumerated using plate count techniques. The efficacy of the quaternary ammonium sanitizer (quat) was tested using two levels: full factorial with two replicates for corner points, factor A (maximum: 200 ppm, minimum: 100 ppm) and factor B (maximum: 15 min, minimum: 5 min). Quat sanitizer significantly (p < 0.05) reduced approximately 4 log10 CFU/cm2 of the aerobic mesophilic bacteria, 1.5 to 2.5 log10 CFU/cm2 of the mold population, and 1.5 to 2 log10 CFU/cm2 of the yeast population. However, there was no significant (p ≥ 0.05) response observed between individual factor levels (maximum and minimum), and two-way interaction terms were also not statistically significant (p ≥ 0.05). A low (<1 log10 CFU/cm2) aerobic mesophilic bacteria trend was observed when shell eggs were stored in a cold environment up to the production expiry date. No internal microbial load was observed; thus, it was postulated that washing with quat sanitizer discreetly (without physically damaging the eggshell) does not facilitate microbial penetration during storage at either room temperature or cold storage. Current study findings demonstrated that the quat sanitizer effectively reduced the microbial population on eggshells without promoting internal microbial growth.

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“…Many antimicrobial agents, such as antibiotics, silver ions, quaternary ammonium, N-halamines, and other biocidal agents, have been applied to textiles and membrane materials by various chemical and physicochemical finishing techniques to protect the substrates from chemical and biological activities. Among which, N-halamines have been extensively studied as an antimicrobial agents, which have shown strong antimicrobial actions against a broad spectrum of microorganisms [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and evaluation of electrospun nanofibrous antimicrobial nylon 6 membranes

Tan

Obendorf

2007

Journal of Membrane Science

115

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Inactivation ofSalmonella enteritidis on shell eggs by novelN-halamine biocidal compounds

Cited by 15 publications

References 9 publications

N‐halamine‐based chitosan: Preparation, characterization, and antimicrobial function

N‐halamine‐based chitosan: Preparation, characterization, and antimicrobial function

Effectiveness of Quaternary Ammonium in Reducing Microbial Load on Eggs

Fabrication and evaluation of electrospun nanofibrous antimicrobial nylon 6 membranes

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