Inactivation of SARS Coronavirus by Means of Povidone-Iodine, Physical Conditions and Chemical Reagents

Kariwa, Hiroaki; Fujii, Nobuhiro; Takashima, Ikuo

doi:10.1159/000089211

Cited by 412 publications

(495 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…All formulations reduced the viral infectivity under the detectable level after 2 min of contact-time. The same result was obtained with 70% ethanol in 1 min [129]. …”

Section: Antisepsis-disinfection: An Efficient Weapon With Room Fsupporting

confidence: 79%

Human Coronaviruses: Insights into Environmental Resistance and Its Influence on the Development of New Antiseptic Strategies

Geller

Varbanov

Duval

2012

Viruses

387

374

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The Coronaviridae family, an enveloped RNA virus family, and, more particularly, human coronaviruses (HCoV), were historically known to be responsible for a large portion of common colds and other upper respiratory tract infections. HCoV are now known to be involved in more serious respiratory diseases, i.e. bronchitis, bronchiolitis or pneumonia, especially in young children and neonates, elderly people and immunosuppressed patients. They have also been involved in nosocomial viral infections. In 2002–2003, the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), due to a newly discovered coronavirus, the SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV); led to a new awareness of the medical importance of the Coronaviridae family. This pathogen, responsible for an emerging disease in humans, with high risk of fatal outcome; underline the pressing need for new approaches to the management of the infection, and primarily to its prevention. Another interesting feature of coronaviruses is their potential environmental resistance, despite the accepted fragility of enveloped viruses. Indeed, several studies have described the ability of HCoVs (i.e. HCoV 229E, HCoV OC43 (also known as betacoronavirus 1), NL63, HKU1 or SARS-CoV) to survive in different environmental conditions (e.g. temperature and humidity), on different supports found in hospital settings such as aluminum, sterile sponges or latex surgical gloves or in biological fluids. Finally, taking into account the persisting lack of specific antiviral treatments (there is, in fact, no specific treatment available to fight coronaviruses infections), the Coronaviridae specificities (i.e. pathogenicity, potential environmental resistance) make them a challenging model for the development of efficient means of prevention, as an adapted antisepsis-disinfection, to prevent the environmental spread of such infective agents. This review will summarize current knowledge on the capacity of human coronaviruses to survive in the environment and the efficacy of well-known antiseptic-disinfectants against them, with particular focus on the development of new methodologies to evaluate the activity of new antiseptic-disinfectants on viruses.

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“…All formulations reduced the viral infectivity under the detectable level after 2 min of contact-time. The same result was obtained with 70% ethanol in 1 min [129]. …”

Section: Antisepsis-disinfection: An Efficient Weapon With Room Fsupporting

confidence: 79%

Human Coronaviruses: Insights into Environmental Resistance and Its Influence on the Development of New Antiseptic Strategies

Geller

Varbanov

Duval

2012

Viruses

387

374

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Seventy percent ethanol was found in 1 study to inactivate SARS by .3 log 10 . 27 Rabenau et al 9 reported a log 10 reduction factor of .5 after 30-second contact time using 78% ethanol and 70% propoanol, a reduction that was actually greater than what they observed with other germicides classified as chemical steriliants. These results support the findings of this study that ethanol-based disinfectants are efficacious against coronaviruses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…It also increases the available data both for disinfectants that have previously been studied with SARS Co-V and disinfectants that have not. Previous studies using SARS have evaluated benzalkonium chloride and magnesium monoperphthalate-based products, 16 povidone iodine, 27 formalin, and glutaraldehyde. 31 This current study included sodium hypochlorite and a phenolic, which have not been evaluated in previous studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inactivation of surrogate coronaviruses on hard surfaces by health care germicides

Hulkower

Casanova

Rutala

et al. 2011

American Journal of Infection Control

121

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“…The incubation times did not appear to correlate with the virus titre. Studies on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) showed that incubating the virus at 568C for 60 min or longer reduced the titre to undetectable levels (Kariwa et al, 2006). However, coronavirus inactivation is apparently dependent on the amount of protein in the sample.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid heat-treatment attenuation of infectious bronchitis virus

et al. 2010

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In the present study we describe the rapid development of an attenuated live vaccine for GA08, a new serotype of infectious bronchitis virus, using a heat-treatment method. Incubation of the GA08 strain of IBV at 568C and passage in embryonated eggs was used as a method to fast track the attenuation process. The virus was incubated in a 568C water bath and aliquots were removed every 5 min for up to 1 h, and then each aliquot was inoculated into 10-day-old embryonated eggs. Virus with the longest incubation time that produced lesions in the embryos was harvested, again incubated at 568C as described and passaged in embryonated eggs. Attenuation of the virus, designated GA08/GA08HSp16/08, was verified in 1-day-old specific pathogen free chicks. A 10x dose of the vaccine was found to be safe for 2-week-old broiler chicks of commercial origin. The efficacy of the heat-treated attenuated virus was determined by vaccinating broiler chicks of commercial origin at 1 and 14 days of age intraocularly/intranasally. Vaccinated birds that were challenged with 10 4.5 median embryo infectious doses of pathogenic GA08 virus/bird at 28 days of age were protected from the disease, and challenge virus was only detected in the trachea of one of 21 birds by realtime reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction at 5 days post challenge. The attenuation process took 10 weeks to complete, which is a substantially shorter time than required to attenuate infectious bronchitis virus by serial passage in embryonated eggs without heat treatment (38 weeks or more).

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Inactivation of SARS Coronavirus by Means of Povidone-Iodine, Physical Conditions and Chemical Reagents

Cited by 412 publications

References 17 publications

Human Coronaviruses: Insights into Environmental Resistance and Its Influence on the Development of New Antiseptic Strategies

Human Coronaviruses: Insights into Environmental Resistance and Its Influence on the Development of New Antiseptic Strategies

Inactivation of surrogate coronaviruses on hard surfaces by health care germicides

Rapid heat-treatment attenuation of infectious bronchitis virus

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