Inactivation of Salmonella Senftenberg strain W 775 during composting of biowastes and garden wastes

Ceustermans, An; Clercq, Deborah De; Aertsen, Abram; Michiels, Chris W.; Coosemans, J.; Ryckeboer, Jaak

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.03224.x

Cited by 44 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Hassen et al (36) also reported complete reduction of Salmonella species in composting of municipal waste once the temperature reached 55°C. Salmonella enterica serovar Senftenberg strain W775 was inactivated within 10 h of composting at 60°C, with a moisture content of 60 to 65% (37). Salmonella spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Covering for Control of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. in Static and Windrow Composting Processes

Patel

Yossa

Macarisin

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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This study investigated the effect of a 30-cm covering of finished compost (FC) on survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. in active static and windrow composting systems. Feedstocks inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 (7.41 log CFU/g) and Salmonella (6.46 log CFU/g) were placed in biosentry tubes (7.5-cm diameter, 30-cm height) at three locations: (i and ii) two opposing sides at the interface between the FC cover layer (where present) and the feedstock material (each positioned approximately 10 cm below the pile's surface) and (iii) an internal location (top) (approximately 30 cm below the surface). On specific sampling days, surviving populations of inoculated E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella, generic E. coli, and coliforms in compost samples were determined. Salmonella spp. were reduced significantly within 24 h in windrow piles and were below the detection limit after 3 and 7 days at internal locations of windrow and static piles containing FC covering, respectively. Likewise, E. coli O157:H7 was undetectable after 1 day in windrow piles covered with finished compost. Use of FC as a covering layer significantly increased the number of days that temperatures in the windrows remained >55°C at all locations and in static piles at internal locations. These time-temperature exposures resulted in rapid reduction of inoculated pathogens, and the rate of bacterial reduction was rapid in windrow piles. The sample location significantly influenced the survival of these pathogens at internal locations compared to that at interface locations of piles. Finished compost covering of compost piles aids in the reduction of pathogens during the composting process.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Covering for Control of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. in Static and Windrow Composting Processes

Patel

Yossa

Macarisin

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Ceustermans et al (3) demonstrated that Salmonella enterica serovar Senftenberg strain W 775 was inactivated within 10 h of composting at 60°C with moisture varying between 60 and 65%; however, when the moisture content of the compost was reduced by 5%, the survival rate was increased by 0.50 log/h. The moisture content of the compost mixture affects temperature distribution within the compost heap (9,20).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining Thermal Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Fresh Compost by Simulating Early Phases of the Composting Process

Singh

Kim

Shepherd

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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A three-strain mixture of Escherichia coli O157:H7 was inoculated into fresh dairy compost (ca. 10 7 CFU/g) with 40 or 50% moisture and was placed in an environmental chamber (ca. 70% humidity) that was programmed to ramp from room temperature to selected composting temperatures in 2 and 5 days to simulate the early composting phase. The surviving E. coli O157:H7 population was analyzed by direct plating and enrichment. Optimal and suboptimal compost mixes, with carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratios of 25:1 and 16:1, respectively, were compared in this study. In the optimal compost mix, E. coli O157:H7 survived for 72, 48, and 24 h in compost with 40% moisture and for 72, 24, and 24 h with 50% moisture at 50, 55, and 60°C, respectively, following 2 days of come-up time (rate of heating up). However, in the suboptimal compost mix, the pathogen survived for 288, 72, and 48 h in compost with 40% moisture and for 240, 72, 24 h in compost with 50% moisture at the same temperatures, respectively. Pathogen survival was longer, with 5 days of come-up time compared with 2 days of come-up. Overall, E. coli O157:H7 was inactivated faster in the compost with 50% moisture than in the compost with 40% at 55 and 60°C. Both moisture and come-up time were significant factors affecting Weibull model parameters. Our results suggest that slow come-up time at the beginning of composting can extend pathogen survival during composting. Additionally, both the C/N ratio and the initial moisture level in the compost mix affect the rate of pathogen inactivation as well.

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“…The enhanced feed ban has prompted renderers to impose fees for SRM disposal and consequently there is a desire to develop economical on-farm disposal methods for SRM. One economically feasible option may be composting as this has been shown to reduce pathogens (Van Herk et al 2004;Xu et al 2009) while producing a valuable fertilizer for agriculture crops (Ros et al 2006;Ceustermans et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradation of specified risk material and characterization of actinobacterial communities in laboratory-scale composters

Inglis

Reuter

et al. 2011

Biodegradation

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As a result of bovine spongiform encephalopathy in Canada, specific tissues at risk of harbouring prions are not allowed to enter the food chain. Composting may be a viable alternative to rendering and land filling for the disposal of specified risk material (SRM). Two types of laboratory-scale composters, actively-heated and ambient systems were constructed to assess the biodegradation of SRM over 30 days. A second heating cycle was generated by mixing the compost after 15 days. Compared to ambient composters, temperature profiles in actively-heated composters were above 50°C for 5 and 4 days longer in the first and second composting cycles, respectively. Degradation of SRM was similar between two composter types during two composting cycles, averaging 52.2% in the first cycle and 43.9% in second cycle. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) revealed that changes in the actinobacteria populations in the first composting cycle were of a temporal nature, whereas alterations in populations in the second composting cycle were more related to active heating of compost. Sequencing of the dominant DGGE bands showed the predominance of Corynebacterium, Promicromonospora, Pseudonocardia, and Thermobifida in the first composting cycle and Corynebacterium, Mycobacterium, Nocardia, Saccharomonospora, and Streptomyces in the second composting cycle. Active heating can alter the nature of actinobacteria populations in compost, but does not appear to have a major impact on the extent of degradation of SRM.

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Inactivation of Salmonella Senftenberg strain W 775 during composting of biowastes and garden wastes

Cited by 44 publications

References 28 publications

Physical Covering for Control of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. in Static and Windrow Composting Processes

Physical Covering for Control of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. in Static and Windrow Composting Processes

Determining Thermal Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Fresh Compost by Simulating Early Phases of the Composting Process

Biodegradation of specified risk material and characterization of actinobacterial communities in laboratory-scale composters

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