Inactivation of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium on egg surface, by direct and indirect treatments with cold atmospheric plasma

Prospective Applications of Cold Plasma for Processing Poultry Products: Benefits, Effects on Quality Attributes, and Limitations

“…According to the authors, subjecting the eggs to the plasma gas for 5 min did not enhance the microbiological safety of the eggs and 15 min of exposure to the same gas only decreased the number of contaminated eggs by 10% (from 38% contaminated control eggs to 28% contaminated 20‐min plasma treated egg; Davies & Breslin, ). This finding disagrees with several reports that confirmed the effectiveness of plasma activated air (indirect plasma) against egg concerning flora (Apostol et al., ; Georgescu et al., ; Lee et al., ; Ragni et al., ; Wan et al., ). In the conducted study by Davies and Breslin (), the gas plasma was generated in an isolated tube and was pumped into a cabinet that held contaminated eggs.…”

“…Recent studies have proposed cold plasma as a tool to enhance the production yield in chicken farms, through vaccine production, growth and reproduction enhancement (Wang; et al., ; Zhang et al., ; Zhang, Do, et al., ; Zhang, Huynh, et al., ; Zhang, Wang, et al., ), and to assure the safety of the poultry products (Aly, ; Apostol et al., ; Dirks et al., ; Georgescu et al., ; Lee et al., 2011, , ; Ragni et al., ; Rossow et al., ; Wang et al., ; Yong et al., ; Figure ). This wide range of potential application is because of the presence of reactive species and photons and the consequent chemical reactions that these components may induce in the treated product.…”

“…Therefore, the results of this study might be different from that of the industrial decontamination of poultry products wherein the microorganisms are mainly located on the chicken skin or eggshell with special topography and different chemical composition (for example, different protein, fat, and moisture levels). Therefore, food scientist assessed the decontamination effects of cold plasma on chicken meat (Dirks et al., ; Lee et al., ; Myers et al., ; Noriega, Shama, Laca, Díaz, & Kong, ; Rossow et al., ; Wang et al., , ; Yong et al., ) and egg (Apostol et al., ; Georgescu et al., ; Lee et al., ; Ragni et al., ; Wan, Chen, Pankaj, & Keener, ; Figure ).…”

“…The conducted study by Georgescu et al. () also highlighted the importance of the relative humidity (RH) of the carrier gas for the indirect plasma decontamination of hen eggs (Georgescu et al., ). According to the paper, subjecting the contaminated eggs (initial Salmonella concentration of 8.04 Log CFU/egg) to a 20 min indirect plasma treatment using stationary ambient air (with RH of 40%) and humid synthetic air (with RH of 80%) resulted in a product with the bacteria count of 5.35 and 2.64 Log CFU/egg, respectively.…”

“…Recently, the findings of many studies imply that nonthermal plasma technology can be considered a profitable tool in agri‐food industries such as the poultry industry. Researchers around the world showed that this emerging technology can be used for enhancing the microbiological safety of various products (Aly, ; Apostol, Georgescu, Vatuiu, & Gaceu, ; Dirks et al., ; Georgescu, Nicolae, Apostol, & Gherendi, ; Lee et al., , , ; Ragni et al., ; Rossow, Ludewig, & Braun, ; Wang, Zhuang, Lawrence, & Zhang., ; Yong et al., ) and increasing the production rates in the farm (Wang et al., ; Zhang et al., ; Zhang, Do, et al., ; Zhang, Huynh, et al., ; Zhang, Wang, et al., ).…”