Inactivation of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus using heated water

Zentkovich, Michele M.; Nelson, Sarah W.; Stull, Jason W.; Nolting, Jacqueline M.; Bowman, Andrew S.

doi:10.1016/j.vas.2016.09.001

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Our results on thermal inactivation kinetics agree with Zentkovich et al (2016) who did not recovered viable PEDV after a 10 s or longer treatment with water heated to ≥76°C, even though RNA was detected in all samples regardless of treatment. Similarly, PEDV in feed ingredients was inactivated by 3.9 log 10 when heated at 90°C for 30 min ( Trudeau et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Rapid Selective Detection of Potentially Infectious Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Coronavirus Exposed to Heat Treatments Using Viability RT-qPCR

et al. 2020

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Coronaviruses (CoVs) cause severe respiratory, enteric, and systemic infections in a wide range of hosts, including humans and animals. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), a member of the Coronaviridae family, is the etiological agent of porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED), a highly contagious intestinal disease affecting pigs of all ages. In this study, we optimized a viability real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) for the selective detection of infectious and heat-inactivated PEDV. PEMAX ™ , EMA ™ , and PMAxx ™ photoactivable dyes along with PtCl 4 and CDDP platinum compounds were screened as viability markers using two RT-qPCR assays: firstly, on PEDV purified RNA, and secondly on infectious and thermally inactivated virus suspensions. Furthermore, PMAxx ™ pretreatment matched the thermal inactivation pattern obtained by cell culture better than other viability markers. Finally, we further optimized the pretreatment by coupling viability markers with Triton X-100 in inoculated serum resulting in a better estimation of PEDV infectivity than RT-qPCR alone. Our study has provided a rapid analytical tool based on viability RT-qPCR to infer PEDV infectivity with potential application for feed and feed ingredients monitoring in swine industry. This development would allow for greater accuracy in epidemiological surveys and outbreak investigations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Rapid Selective Detection of Potentially Infectious Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Coronavirus Exposed to Heat Treatments Using Viability RT-qPCR

et al. 2020

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“…Pasteurization is an example of thermal inactivation applied to suspensions [1], as is hightemperature, short-time treatment [2]. Steam-in-place and hot water cleaning are examples of thermal inactivation of surfaces [3,4]. Is thermal inactivation in suspension more effective and does it have faster kinetics compared to inactivation on surfaces?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Inactivation of Feline Calicivirus and Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1: Side-by-Side Suspension and Carrier Studies

2020

Integr J Vet Biosci

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“…Biosecurity has been considered the most important prevention strategy for PEDv (14). Biosecurity practices such as disinfecting footwear, showering and wearing clean clothes before entering production premises, vehicle washing and disinfecting can be employed to mitigate PEDv transmission both within and between farms (15–17). Although producers have access to biosecurity information and implementation instructions, their risk attitude can influence the willingness to comply with biosecurity protocols (18, 19).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Attitudes Affect Livestock Biosecurity Decisions With Ramifications for Disease Control in a Simulated Production System

et al. 2019

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Hog producers' operational decisions can be informed by an awareness of risks associated with emergent and endemic diseases. Outbreaks of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDv) have been re-occurring every year since the first onset in 2013 with substantial losses across the hog production supply chain. Interestingly, a decreasing trend in PEDv incidence is visible. We assert that changes in human behaviors may underlie this trend. Disease prevention using biosecurity practices is used to minimize risk of infection but its efficacy is conditional on human behavior and risk attitude. Standard epidemiological models bring important insights into disease dynamics but have limited predictive ability. Since research shows that human behavior plays a driving role in the disease spread process, the explicit inclusion of human behavior into models adds an important dimension to understanding disease spread. Here we analyze PEDv incidence emerging from an agent-based model (ABM) that uses both epidemiological dynamics and algorithms that incorporate heterogeneous human decisions. We investigate the effects of shifting fractions of hog producers between risk tolerant and risk averse positions. These shifts affect the dynamics describing willingness to increase biosecurity as a response to disease threats and, indirectly, change infection probabilities and the resultant intensity and impact of the disease outbreak. Our ABM generates empirically verifiable patterns of PEDv transmission. Scenario results show that relatively small shifts (10% of the producer agents) toward a risk averse position can lead to a significant decrease in total incidence. For significantly steeper decreases in disease incidence, the model's hog producer population needed at least 37.5% of risk averse. Our study provides insight into the link between risk attitude, decisions related to biosecurity, and consequent spread of disease within a livestock production system. We suggest that it is possible to create positive, lasting changes in animal health by nudging the population of livestock producers toward more risk averse behaviors. We make a case for integrating social and epidemiological aspects in disease spread models to test intervention strategies intended to improve biosecurity and animal health at the system scale.

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Inactivation of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus using heated water

Cited by 6 publications

References 16 publications

Rapid Selective Detection of Potentially Infectious Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Coronavirus Exposed to Heat Treatments Using Viability RT-qPCR

Rapid Selective Detection of Potentially Infectious Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Coronavirus Exposed to Heat Treatments Using Viability RT-qPCR

Thermal Inactivation of Feline Calicivirus and Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1: Side-by-Side Suspension and Carrier Studies

Risk Attitudes Affect Livestock Biosecurity Decisions With Ramifications for Disease Control in a Simulated Production System

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