Inactivation of HTLV-Iii/Lav During Plasma Fractionation

Piszkiewicz, Dennis; Kingdom, Henry; Apfelzweig, Robert; McDougal, J. Steven; Cort, S P; Andrews, Jonathan R.; Hope, James; Cabridilla, C.D.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(85)92710-2

Cited by 36 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…28 It has been demonstrated that 50% ethyl alcohol is rapidly virucidal for HIV at room temperature. 29 ' 30 Consequently, the specimen should be safe to process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Rapid and Inexpensive Method for Processing Induced Sputum for Detection ofPneumocystis carinii

et al. 1996

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The authors describe a method to process induced sputum specimens for detection of Pneumocystis carinii which is simple, rapid and inexpensive. Induced sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were obtained within a 24-four hour period from 41 patients who were HIVpositive and had pulmonary symptoms suspicious for P carinii pneumonia. Induced sputum or BAL fluid was placed into Saccomanno's fixative, blended, and centrifuged. The sediment was stained for P carinii cysts by a modified method with Fungi-Fluor Solution A (Polysciences, Warington, PA) and the Genetic Systems Pneumocystis carinii Immunofluorescence Antibody (Genetic Systems, Seattle, WA). The Genetic Systems stain on the BAL specimen was positive in 35 patients and was the standard for comparison. With a single induced sputum, the Genetic Systems stain detected 31 (89%) positive patients, whereas the Fungi-Fluor stain detected 21 (60%). The sensitivity for detecting P carinii cysts in induced sputum was significantly greater (P <.O5) for the Genetic Systems stain. (Key words: Pneumocystis carinii; Induced sputum; Saccomanno's fixative) Am J Clin Pathol 1996; 105: 52-57.In the United States, an estimated 40,000 to 60,000 patients with HIV presented with their first episode of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in 1993.' Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is a direct cause of death in up to 24% of patients with AIDS. Without prophylaxis, 60% to 80% of HIV-infected patients will have at least one episode of PCP during their illness.2 Because of the widespread use of primary PCP prophylaxis, the incidence of PCP has been declining, even in patients with CD 4 counts below 200/mm 3 . 3 However, PCP still remains a common opportunistic infection in patients with AIDS.Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) performed with the fiberoptic bronchoscope has an excellent yield in the diagnosis of PCP in patients with AIDS.4 "" As the number of patients with AIDS continues to increase, efforts are being made to find alternative methods to BAL for the detection of PCP. Although less sensitive, induced sputum is considerably less invasive, time consuming, and expensive than BAL for detection of P carinii. thermore, it is safer and has less morbidity than fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB).Calcofluor white and commercial immunofluorescence antibodies have been used for detection of P carinii. However, there is limited data available on the capability of calcofluor white to detect P carinii in induced sputa, with only seven positive specimens being evaluated. 2021 For immunofluorescent antibody kits that are commercially available, the sensitivity for detection of P carinii in induced sputa has ranged from 86% to 97%. "23 However, in none of the previously mentioned studies have the recovery of P carinii in both induced sputum and BAL specimens from the same patient been compared.In this study, we have collected both a single induced sputum and a BAL specimen from each patient within a 24-hour period. We describe a method to process induced sputum specimens that is simple, rapid, and i...

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“…28 It has been demonstrated that 50% ethyl alcohol is rapidly virucidal for HIV at room temperature. 29 ' 30 Consequently, the specimen should be safe to process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Rapid and Inexpensive Method for Processing Induced Sputum for Detection ofPneumocystis carinii

et al. 1996

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“…28,29 The emergence of HIV and reports of non-A, non-B hepatitis transmission by some IVIG products 30,31 caused manufacturers and regulatory agencies to examine existing IVIG manufacturing procedures for their capacity to eliminate viruses. [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41] Development of dedicated virus inactivation procedures for IVIG production was also initiated. 42,43…”

Section: Development Of Virus Elimination Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several laboratories demonstrated that HIV is inactivated by cold ethanol under conditions used in IVIG production. [33][34][35][36]41 However, vesicular stomatitis virus and Sindbis virus, both used as models for the hepatitis C virus (HCV), formerly known as non-A, non-B, were stable under similar conditions. 41 Given the success of heat treatment in producing albumin with a low-risk of transmitting hepatitis, heat treatments for IVIG were evaluated.…”

Section: Virus Inactivation Of Intravenous Immunoglobulinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intravenous Immunoglobulins: Evolution of Commercial IVIG Preparations

Hooper¹

2008

Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America

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Since its first use in 1952, human immunoglobulin has been used to treat people who have inherited antibody deficiencies. This article summarizes IVIG clinical development in primary immunodeficient patients and manufacturing improvements introduced over time. Manufacturing improvements include purification procedures that have reduced the incidence of adverse events and improved clinical efficacy, as well as virus inactivation and removal steps that have increased safety from blood-borne infections. Current manufacturing procedures, IVIG production trends, and recent clinical trial results are also reviewed.

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“…Prince et al at the New York Blood Center suggested that it might be possible for the HIV to survive the Cohn fractionation process (43 I), though they did not indicate that HIV had been transmitted by any preparation. However, extensive testing of plasma spiked with large quantities of HTLV-111 indicated that the infectivity during Cohn fractionation could be reduced from > lo6 to < loo infectious units; the ratio of the reduction was l:IO-l5 (432,433).…”

Section: Transmission Of Viral Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intravenous gammaglobulin, 2: pharmacology, clinical uses and mechanisms of action

Schiff¹

1994

Pediatric Allergy Immunology

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Inactivation of HTLV-Iii/Lav During Plasma Fractionation

Cited by 36 publications

References 5 publications

A Rapid and Inexpensive Method for Processing Induced Sputum for Detection ofPneumocystis carinii

A Rapid and Inexpensive Method for Processing Induced Sputum for Detection ofPneumocystis carinii

Intravenous Immunoglobulins: Evolution of Commercial IVIG Preparations

Intravenous gammaglobulin, 2: pharmacology, clinical uses and mechanisms of action

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