Inactivation of helminth eggs in an electro-Fenton reactor: Towards full electrochemical disinfection of human waste using activated carbon

Study of polarized activated carbon filters as simultaneous adsorbent and 3D-type electrode materials for electro-Fenton reactors

“…Using the reactor shown in Fig. 1 and the information reported by Fernández et al (2018), García-Espinoza et al (2019) and Robles et al (2020), a potential difference of 8 V (corresponding to 0.5 A), a concentration of Fe(II) of 2 mM and a flow rate of 30 mL min −1 , were selected to find out the polarization period of time that maximized the concentration of • OH produced from the Fenton mixture (Fe(II) and H 2 O 2 that results from O 2 reduction at the cathodic surface) [ [21] , [22] , [23] ]. Since the • OH lifetime is rather short (approximately 40 μs [ 30 ]), indirect methods based on scavengers have been developed for its quantification.…”

“…Since in this EF treatment system, Fe ions are provided by the cation loaded resin in compartment C 1 during the adsorption stage (see Fig. 1 c) [ 21 , 23 , 28 , 50 ], the amount of resin becomes another variable that was chosen to be considered. In Table 2 , the four variables and their corresponding levels are shown.…”

“…From EF studies using this arrangement, we have showed that it is possible to effectively treat aqueous effluents contaminated with dyes [ 21 ], recalcitrant contaminants [ 22 ] and the full inactivation of pathogens such as E. Coli and Helminth Ova [ 23 ]. We have also reported some important aspects of the characteristics that define the performance of the AC in this reactor and although we have explored the adsorption regeneration properties, the cathodic protection [ 24 , 25 ] and the influence of the carbon particle density on the electrical conductivity of the AC packed bed compartment [ [21] , [22] , [23] , 26 ], there are still some important questions such as the influence of the AC source, size and pre-treatment process before the AC material is used in the EF treatment reactor. It is in this context that we present a report on the results of a study in which we assess the effect that some of these AC related variables exert on the performance of the EF reactor shown in Fig.…”

Photo-assisted electrochemical advanced oxidation processes for the disinfection of aqueous solutions: A review

“…The Fenton reaction, which is based on the use of a mixture of iron ions (Fe 2+ ) and H 2 O 2 that generates • OH under mild acidic conditions, has been successfully tested as an attractive disinfection alternative ( García-Fernández et al., 2019 ; Rodríguez-Chueca et al., 2012 ). Nevertheless, the large chemical consumption of H 2 O 2 and the need to add and maintain appropriate ionic Fe concentrations in an acidic medium, coupled with the requirement to remove the iron species and neutralize the acid of the aqueous effluent after treatment, constitute major cost barriers for large-scale applications ( Brillas and Martínez-Huitle, 2015 ; Fernández et al., 2018 ; García-Espinoza et al., 2019 ; Robles et al., 2020a , 2020b ).…”

“…The effectiveness of the EAOPs such as electrochemical oxidation ( Anfruns-Estrada et al., 2017 ; Bruguera-Casamada et al, 2016 , 2017 ; Candia-Onfray et al., 2018 ; Cano et al., 2016 ; Corona-Bautista et al., 2021 ; Cotillas et al, 2018 , 2020 ; Frontistis et al., 2017 ; Guitaya et al., 2015 ; Hernández-Pimentel et al., 2020 ; Herraiz-Carboné et al, 2020a , 2020b ; Medrano-Rodríguez et al., 2020 ; Mousset et al., 2018 ; Pacheco-Álvarez et al., 2019 ), electrocoagulation ( Anfruns-Estrada et al., 2017 ; Villalobos-Lara et al., 2021 ), electro-Fenton ( Campos et al., 2020 ; Droguett et al., 2020 ; Olvera-Vargas et al., 2019 ; Ren et al., 2020 ; Robles et al., 2020a ; Salazar et al., 2019 ; Thiam et al., 2020 ) and coupled EAOPs with other technologies ( Cotillas et al., 2016b ; Hashim et al., 2020 ; Jhones dos Santos et al., 2021 ; Llanos et al., 2015 ) has been proven by several research works worldwide on the inactivation of pathogens and the treatment of wastewater.…”