Inactivation of fecal bacteria in sewage sludge by alkaline treatment

Allievi, L.; Colombi, A; Calcaterra, Enrico; Ferrari, Annamaria

doi:10.1016/0960-8524(94)90169-4

Cited by 48 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…It is suggested that ammonia, which is toxic in its uncharged form NH 3 (29), contributes to pathogen inactivation by alkaline stabilization (1,15). Alkaline pH affects the equilibrium between NH 4 ϩ and NH 3 in aqueous solution in favor of the formation of NH 3 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Inactivation of Ascaris Eggs in Source-Separated Urine and Feces by Ammonia at Ambient Temperatures

Nordin

Nyberg

Vinnerås

2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

102

105

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Sustainable management of toilet waste must prevent disease transmission but allow reuse of plant nutrients. Inactivation of uterus-derived Ascaris suum eggs was studied in relation to ammonia in source-separated urine without additives and in human feces to which urea had been added, in order to evaluate ammonia-based sanitation for production of safe fertilizers from human excreta. Urine was used concentrated or diluted 1:1 and 1:3 with tap water at 4, 14, 24, and 34°C. Fecal material, with and without ash, was treated with 1% or 2% (wt/wt) urea at 24 and 34°C. At 34°C eggs were inactivated in less than 10 days in urine and in amended feces. At 24°C only feces with 2% (wt/wt) urea or 1% (wt/wt) urea at high pH (10) inactivated all eggs within 1 month, and no inactivation was observed after 75 days in urine diluted 1:3 (18 ؎ 11 mM NH 3 ). At temperatures of >24°C, NH 3 proved to be an efficient sanitizing agent in urine and feces at concentrations of >60 mM. Treating fecal material at 34°C can give a 6-log 10 egg inactivation within 1 month, whereas at 24°C 6 months of treatment is necessary for the same level of egg inactivation. At temperatures of 14°C and below, inactivation rates were low, with viable eggs after 6 months even in concentrated urine.

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confidence: 99%

Inactivation of Ascaris Eggs in Source-Separated Urine and Feces by Ammonia at Ambient Temperatures

Nordin

Nyberg

Vinnerås

2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

102

105

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“…Also sludge stabilisation with lime suspension is regarded as an attractive alternative to aerobic or anaerobic digestion. It is a common alkaline agent used in Wastewater Treatment Plant, which allows sludge easier to dewater, reduces odour problems and inhibits pathogens (Allievi et al 1994;Wong and Fang 2000). Such a highquality lime-organic material with no pathogens is a valuable fertiliser, particularly on acidic soils (Tiller et al 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary sludge stabilisation with calcium hydroxide

Czechowski

Marcinkowski

2006

Environ Chem Lett

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We studied the effect of the addition of calcium hydroxide to primary raw sludges. Calcium hydroxide enhances ammonia release as well as proteins and fats hydrolysis from the sludge organic material during stabilisation process. Changes in the molecular composition of the sludge extractable lipids caused by calcium hydroxide suspension, analysed using gas chromatography interfaced to mass spectrometry detector, are discussed. Calcium hydroxide treatment selectively removes fatty acids from the sludge lipids, while it has little effect on removal and molecular assemblage of the stanol and sterol compounds during sludge stabilisation. Biogenic n-alkanes are minor components in the sludge lipids.

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“…Many factors, including pH, temperature, mixing, non-mixing, feedstock, C:N (carbon:nitrogen) ratio, incubation time, aerobic condition and anaerobic environment, influence pathogen survival (Toth et al 2012;Allievi et al 1994;Pandey et al 2015;Erickson et al 2014;Kim et al 2009;Harikishan and Sung 2003;Hipsey et al 2008). However, one of the most important factors regulating the survival of pathogens is temperature, particularly when pH levels lie in the neutral range (pH = ~7.0) (John and Rose 2005;Hipsey et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the inactivation of Salmonella in dairy wastewater at varying thermal conditions

Biswas

Pandey

2016

JWMM

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Elevated levels of Salmonella in dairy farm generated wastewater can contaminate food and water. Controlling the risk of Salmonella infection requires improving the existing understanding of Salmonella decay in impaired dairy wastewater. Enhanced understanding of Salmonella inactivation in dairy wastewater can help in deriving improved animal waste management practices capable of mitigating the risk of pathogen contamination to cropland as well as water resources. Considering the importance of the animal waste borne pathogen issue, the primary objective of the study was set to determine the degradation pattern of Salmonella in a mesophilic environment (37 °C). To do so, the impact of sampling timing (morning vs evening) on the changes in Salmonella counts were assessed. Further, a heat stress study was conducted to identify the critical die-off time at thermophilic temperatures (48 °C and 58 °C). Results from the study showed that there was a 5.2 log 10 reduction in Salmonella count observed over the 14 d study period. There was no significant difference in Salmonella count during the sampling of morning or evening. Heat stress study showed that the first 30 min was the major die-off time. Regrowth of Salmonella was observed at a thermophilic temperature after 2 d further incubation. The outcome of the study will help to understand pathogen inactivation in dairy waste-water, and to derive improved animal waste treatment methods.

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Inactivation of fecal bacteria in sewage sludge by alkaline treatment

Cited by 48 publications

References 2 publications

Inactivation of Ascaris Eggs in Source-Separated Urine and Feces by Ammonia at Ambient Temperatures

Inactivation of Ascaris Eggs in Source-Separated Urine and Feces by Ammonia at Ambient Temperatures

Primary sludge stabilisation with calcium hydroxide

Assessing the inactivation of Salmonella in dairy wastewater at varying thermal conditions

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