Inactivation of coronaviruses by heat

Kampf, Günter; Voß, Andreas; Scheithauer, Simone

doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2020.03.025

Cited by 163 publications

(157 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…For the direct ddPCR, 20 μl of thawed medium from UTM and ESwab were added in a 96-well plate and incubated at 56 °C for 10 min 27 – 29 ( https://www.who.int/csr/sars/survival_2003_05_04/en/ ), followed by 4 °C for 5 min and then immediately used by ddPCR.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the direct quantitation of SARS-CoV-2 by droplet digital PCR

Deiana

Mori

Piubelli

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) is a sensitive and reproducible technology widely used for quantitation of several viruses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the 2019-nCoV CDC ddPCR Triplex Probe Assay (BioRad) performance, comparing the direct quantitation of SARS-CoV-2 on nasopharyngeal swab with the procedure applied to the extracted RNA. Moreover, two widely used swab types were compared (UTM 3 mL and ESwab 1 mL, COPAN). A total of 50 nasopharyngeal swabs (n = 25 UTM 3 mL and n = 25 ESwab 1 mL) from SARS-CoV-2 patients, collected during the pandemic at IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital (Veneto Region, North-East Italy), were used for our purpose. After heat inactivation, an aliquot of swab medium was used for the direct quantitation. Then, we compared the direct method with the quantitation performed on the RNA purified from nasopharyngeal swab by automated extraction. We observed that the direct approach achieved generally equal RNA copies compared to the extracted RNA. The results with the direct quantitation were more accurate on ESwab with a sensitivity of 93.33% [95% CI, 68.05 to 99.83] and specificity of 100.00% for both N1 and N2. On the other hand, on UTM we observed a higher rate of discordant results for N1 and N2. The human internal amplification control (RPP30) showed 100% of both sensitivity and specificity independent of swabs and approaches. In conclusion, we described a direct quantitation of SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal swab. Our approach resulted in an efficient quantitation, without automated RNA extraction and purification. However, special care needs to be taken on the potential bias due to the conservation of samples and to the heating treatment, as we used thawed and heat inactivated material. Further studies on a larger cohort of samples are warranted to evaluate the clinical value of this direct approach.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the direct quantitation of SARS-CoV-2 by droplet digital PCR

Deiana

Mori

Piubelli

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Different thermal treatments have been used for the inactivation of foodborne viruses (e.g., human norovirus, hepatitis A and E viruses) on food matrices or liquids (47). Dry (hot air oven or incineration) and humid heat (steam, autoclave) are very effective methods for inactivating viruses and bacteria (45,47,48). After conducting an analysis of 10 different studies, Kampf et al (48), reported that five different types of coronavirus suspended in liquid media, including SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV, could be reduced by at least 4 logs using thermal treatments such as 60 • C for 30 min, 65 • C for 15 min or 80 • C for 1 min.…”

Section: Survival and Inactivation Of Sars-cov-2 In Foodmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 and Risk to Food Safety

et al. 2020

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The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about a consideration of our understanding of transmission of the causal agent, SARS-CoV-2 to humans and its potential effect on food safety and food security. The main routes of transmission are reported to be person-to-person, by respiratory droplets and to a lesser degree, by fomites. Concerns have been raised on the possibility of transmission via food and food packaging and whether the virus poses a risk to food safety. The current contribution provides an exposé of updated literature and reports applicable to various components of food safety and its linkage to SARS-CoV-2. The article focuses on SARS-CoV-2 survival in food, on food contact materials and food packaging, and its categorization as a foodborne vs. respiratory virus, the possibility of fecal-oral transmission and the likelihood of infection via the gastro-intestinal system. The survival and inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 in food through thermal and non-thermal inactivation methods as well as the survival and inactivation on inanimate surfaces and effective disinfection of food contact surfaces, are discussed. Ultimately, the article endeavors to add to the body of knowledge pertaining to the role of SARS-CoV-2 in food safety and thereby contribute to an agile and robust fraternity that is equipped to absorb and weather the ongoing effects of the pandemic on the food sector.

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“…The targeted peptides can be detected after thermal inactivation at 90 °C for 5 minutes. It has been demonstrated that disinfection at 80 °C for 1 minute was effective to reduce coronavirus infectivity 23 . Thus, inserting the thermal inactivation step would not affect the results and it would be an extra safe step to reduce the biologic risk for infection of laboratory staff during testing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast and low-cost detection of SARS-CoV-2 peptides by tandem mass spectrometry in clinical samples

Cardozo

Lebkuchen

Okai

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The current outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome associated with coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is pressing public health systems around the world, and large population testing is a key step to control this pandemic disease. Real-time reverse-transcription PCR (real-time RT-PCR) is the gold standard test for virus detection but the soaring demand for this test resulted in shortage of reagents and instruments, severely limiting its applicability to large-scale screening. To be used either as an alternative, or as a complement, to real-time RT-PCR testing, we developed a high-throughput targeted proteomics assay to detect SARS-CoV-2 proteins directly from clinical respiratory tract samples. Sample preparation was fully automated by using a modified magnetic particle-based proteomics approach implemented on a robotic liquid handler, enabling a fast processing of samples. The use of turbulent flow chromatography included four times multiplexed on-line sample cleanup and UPLC separation. MS/MS detection of three peptides from SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein and a 15N-labeled internal global standard was achieved within 2.5 min, enabling the analysis of more than 500 samples per day. The method was validated using 562 specimens previously analyzed by real-time RT-PCR and was able to detect over 83% of positive cases. No interference was found with samples from common respiratory viruses, including other coronaviruses (NL63, OC43, HKU1, and 229E). The strategy here presented has high sample stability and low cost and should be considered as an option to large population testing.

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Inactivation of coronaviruses by heat

Cited by 163 publications

References 11 publications

Assessment of the direct quantitation of SARS-CoV-2 by droplet digital PCR

Assessment of the direct quantitation of SARS-CoV-2 by droplet digital PCR

SARS-CoV-2 and Risk to Food Safety

Fast and low-cost detection of SARS-CoV-2 peptides by tandem mass spectrometry in clinical samples

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