Inactivation of brainstem motor nuclei blocks expression but not acquisition of the rabbit's classically conditioned eyeblink response.

Krupa, David J.; Weng, Jessica; Thompson, Richard F.

doi:10.1037/0735-7044.110.2.219

Cited by 60 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…This finding extends the results of Zhang and Lavond (1991) who found that cooling the facial nucleus abol- ished completely facial EMG CRs and URs. The present study demonstrated that this effect is also true of NM CRs and URs and is consistent with studies using reversible muscimol lesions of the facial nucleus, which also abolish completely NM responses (Krupa et al 1996). Several conclusions can be made from the electrophysiological results of the present study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

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The learning-related activity that develops in the pontine nuclei during classical eye-blink conditioning is dependent on the interpositus nucleus.

Clark¹,

Gohl²,

Lavond³

1997

Learn. Mem.

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A growing body of research now implicates the cerebellum in the formation and storage of the critical neural plasticity that subserves the classically conditioned eye-blink response. Previous anatomical, physiological, and behavioral research suggests that auditory-conditioned stimulus information is routed to the cerebellum by the pontine nuclei. However, it has also been observed from multiple unit recordings that some populations of pontine cells, in addition to showing auditory-evoked responses, also show changes in activity that is learning-related. It is unknown whether this learning-related activity is generated by the pontine cells or whether it is generated by some other structure and projected to the pontine nuclei. Because the cerebellum has been implicated in the formation of the essential plasticity that subserves this learned behavior, we examined how multiple unit recordings of learning-related activity within the pontine nuclei are affected by reversible inactivation of the interpositus nucleus of the cerebellum. The results indicated clearly that when the interpositus nucleus was inactivated, the learning-related activity in the pontine nuclei was abolished completely and the auditory stimulus-evoked activity was unaffected. In contract, when the facial nucleus was inactivated, both the auditory stimulus and the learning-related activity 1Corresponding author.were still present. These results indicate that the learning-related activity exhibited by some populations of pontine nuclei cells is dependent on the interpositus nucleus and may represent feedback from the cerebellum.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…As a control, we also cooled the facial nucleus during recording from the pontine nuclei. The facial nucleus is critically involved in the expression of both the eye-blink CR and UR (Cegavske et al 1976), although it is not critical for the formation of the conditioned response (Krupa et al 1996;Clark et al 1997;A.A. Zhang and D.G.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The learning-related activity that develops in the pontine nuclei during classical eye-blink conditioning is dependent on the interpositus nucleus.

Clark¹,

Gohl²,

Lavond³

1997

Learn. Mem.

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“…The mechanisms underlying learning-specific plasticity in the cerebellar deep nuclei may involve changes in neuronal excitability or synaptic potentiation (Aizenman & Linden, 2000;Racine, Wilson, Gingell, & Sunderland, 1986). The output of the learning circuitry is the projection from the deep nuclei to the red nucleus, and from there to the relevant motor nuclei (Chapman, Steinmetz, Sears, & Thompson, 1990;Clark & Lavond, 1993;Desmond, Rosenfield, & Moore, 1983;Krupa & Thompson, 1995;Krupa, Thompson, & Thompson, 1993;Krupa, Weng, & Thompson, 1996;McCormick, Guyer, & Thompson, 1982;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockade of GABAA receptors in the interpositus nucleus modulates expression of conditioned excitation but not conditioned inhibition of the eyeblink response

Nolan

Nicholson

Freeman

2002

Integrative Physiological & Behavioral Science

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The cerebellum and related brainstem structures are essential for excitatory eyeblink conditioning. Recent evidence indicates that the cerebellar interpositus and lateral pontine nuclei may also play critical roles in conditioned inhibition (CI) of the eyeblink response. The current study examined the role of GABAergic inhibition of the interpositus nucleus in retention of CI. Male Long-Evans rats were implanted with a cannula positioned just above or in the anterior interpositus nucleus before training. The rats were trained with two different tones and a light as conditioned stimuli, and a periorbital shock as the unconditioned stimulus. CI training consisted of four phases: 1) excitatory conditioning (8 kHz tone paired with shock); 2) feature-negative discrimination (2 kHz tone paired with shock or 2 kHz tone concurrent with light); 3) summation test (8 kHz tone or 8 kHz tone concurrent with light); and 4) retardation test (light paired with shock). After reaching a criterion level of performance on the feature-negative discrimination (40% discrimination), 0.5 μl picrotoxin (a GABA A receptor antagonist) was infused at one of four concentrations, each concentration infused during separate test sessions. Picrotoxin transiently impaired conditioned responses during trials with the excitatory stimulus (tone) in a dose-dependent manner, but did not significantly impact responding to the inhibitory compound stimulus (tone-light). The results suggest that expression of conditioned inhibition of the eyeblink conditioned response does not require GABAergic inhibition of neurons in the anterior interpositus nucleus.

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“…In simple delay classical conditioning of the rabbit nictitating membrane response, neural unit activity that models the learned behavioral eyeblink motor response occurs in brainstem and cerebellum Lavond 1993, 1996;Krupa et al 1993;Krupa et al 1996;Clark et al 1992, this issue). Permanent and reversible lesion studies as well as anatomical pathway tracing studies have produced a growing body of evidence describing the circuitry of the eye-blink response and the flow of learning-related unit activity within that circuitry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of reversible inactivation of the red nucleus on learning-related and auditory-evoked unit activity in the pontine nuclei of classically conditioned rabbits.

Cartford

Gohl²,

Singson³

et al. 1997

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The pontine nuclei carry auditory conditioned stimulus information to the cerebellum during classical conditioning of the nictitating membrane response in rabbits. In well-trained animals learning-related as well as stimulus-evoked unit activity can be recorded throughout the pontine nuclei but particularly in the lateral and dorsolateral pons. Recent work in our laboratory has provided evidence that the learning-related unit activity in the pons is dependent on the interpositus nucleus and that the pons is not a site of essential plasticity for the learned response. In the present study we considered the question of whether learning-related unit activity might be projected from the interpositus nucleus to the pons through the red nucleus, a primary output target of the interpositus and a structure known to be essential for expression of the learned response. Multiple unit recordings were taken from lateral and dorsolateral pontine locations in well-trained rabbits before and during cooling of the red nucleus. Analysis of pooled data for all recording locations within the lateral and dorsolateral pons indicated that reversible inactivation of red nucleus abolished both stimulus-evoked and learning-related unit activity. However, we also found discrete recording locations where stimulus-evoked and learning-related 1Corresponding author. unit activity were attenuated but not abolished by red nucleus cooling.

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Inactivation of brainstem motor nuclei blocks expression but not acquisition of the rabbit's classically conditioned eyeblink response.

Cited by 60 publications

References 47 publications

The learning-related activity that develops in the pontine nuclei during classical eye-blink conditioning is dependent on the interpositus nucleus.

The learning-related activity that develops in the pontine nuclei during classical eye-blink conditioning is dependent on the interpositus nucleus.

Blockade of GABAA receptors in the interpositus nucleus modulates expression of conditioned excitation but not conditioned inhibition of the eyeblink response

The effects of reversible inactivation of the red nucleus on learning-related and auditory-evoked unit activity in the pontine nuclei of classically conditioned rabbits.

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