Inactivation of bacteria via photosensitization of vitamin K3 by UV-A light

Xu, Fei; Vostal, Jaroslav G.

doi:10.1111/1574-6968.12544

Cited by 19 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The UVA photosensitizer application appears to be an attractive approach for whole blood since it has already proved to be successful in platelet and plasma pathogen reduction. We have previously shown that the UVA/VK5 combination, as well as combinations of other vitamins with UVA light, can produce a reduction of bacteria in suspension 6,8 5,7 Our current results show that VK5 and UVA photodynamic treatment can also reduce viral titers in human plasma thus expanding the pathogen reduction potential of this combination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…The plate was sealed with parafilm and shaken at a speed of 50 rpm/min while being exposed at room temperature to UVA irradiation of 0, 35, 70, and 140 J/cm 2 . The energy dose delivered was normalized as the unit of J/cm 2 (approximately 3 min and 20 s per J/cm 2 ) as previously described 6 . All experiments were performed in triplicate or more.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Viral reduction of human blood by ultraviolet A‐photosensitized vitamin K5

He¹,

Ibrahim

et al. 2021

Journal of Medical Virology

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Blood product transfusion can transmit viral pathogens. Pathogen reduction methods for blood products have been developed but, so far, are not available for whole blood. We evaluated if vitamin K5 (VK5) and ultraviolet A (UVA) irradiation could be used for virus inactivation in plasma and whole blood. Undiluted human plasma and whole blood diluted to 20% were spiked with high levels of vaccinia or Zika viruses. Infectious titers were measured by standard TCID50 assay before and after VK5/UVA treatments. Up to 3.6 log of vaccinia and 3.2 log of Zika were reduced in plasma by the combination of 500 μM VK5 and 3 J/cm2 UVA, and 3.1 log of vaccinia and 2.9 log of Zika were reduced in diluted human blood (20%) by the combination of 500 μM VK5 and 70 J/cm2 UVA. At end of whole blood treatment, hemolysis increased from 0.18% to 0.41% but remained below 1% hemolysis, which is acceptable to the Food and Drug Administration for red cell transfusion products. No significant alteration of biochemical parameters of red blood cells occurred with treatment. Our results provide proof of the concept that a viral pathogen reduction method based on VK5/UVA may be developed for whole blood.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral reduction of human blood by ultraviolet A‐photosensitized vitamin K5

He¹,

Ibrahim

et al. 2021

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…Recently, VitK3 has been reported to induce apoptosis and inhibit the growth of tumor cells, 12,13 which suggests its involvement in oxidative stress. Bergeron et al, 14 reported that VitK3 could be used as a radiosensitizer for hypoxic tumors, whereas Xu et al 15 reported that VitK3 could be used as a photosensitizer. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of VitK3 as a potential photosensitizer combined with UVB on apoptosis of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma A431 cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Effects of Vitamin K3 Combined with UVB on the Proliferation and Apoptosis of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma A431 Cells</p>

Shi¹,

Zheng²,

Yang³

et al. 2020

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Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common form of skin cancer and its incidence continues to rise yearly. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a noninvasive form of cancer therapy, which utilizes the combined action of a photosensitizer, light, and oxygen molecules to selectively cause cellular damage to tumor cells. Vitamin K3 (VitK3) has been shown to induce apoptosis and inhibit the growth of tumor cells in humans. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of VitK3 and ultraviolet radiation B (UVB) on oxidative damage, proliferation and apoptosis of A431 cells. Methods: CCK-8 assay was used to detect cell proliferation; Hoechst staining, TUNEL assay and flow cytometry analysis were used to detect apoptosis. Western Blot was perfomed to measure the expression of apoptosis-related proteins. Flow cytometry analysis was employed to detect the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and mitochondrial membrane potential. Finally, the role of VitK3 in combination with UVB on the proliferation and apoptosis of A431 cells was investigated using mice xenograft models. Results: We found that the co-treatment of VitK3 combined with UVB more significantly inhibited the growth and proliferation of A431 cells than either VitK3 or UVB alone. Hoechst 33258 staining and flow cytometry analysis revealed that apoptosis was more pronounced in the VitK3-UVB group compared to the VitK3 and UVB groups. Moreover, flow cytometry analysis showed that ROS and the depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential were higher in all the co-treatment groups compared to the control, VitK3, and UVB groups. The VitK3-UVB group exhibited a significantly lower tumor growth rate in mouse xenograft models. Conclusion: This study reveals that VitK3 combined with UVB inhibits the growth and induces apoptosis of A431 cells in vitro and suppresses tumor growth and promotes apoptosis of cSCC in vivo.

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“…Energy transfer from the electrons can also be directed against molecular oxygen to create highly reactive singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) through Type II reactions 12,19 . All photosensitizers we used in this study can participate in Type I and II reactions and are capable of generating reactive molecules that can cause microbial damage 18,20,21 . Absorption of UV light can alter the photosensitizers as is evident with a change in absorption spectra of some molecules we used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic bactericidal effects of pairs of photosensitizer molecules activated by ultraviolet A light against bacteria in plasma

Feyissa

Ibrahim

et al. 2020

Transfusion

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Background The current approach to reducing bacterial contamination in blood transfusion products is through detection or pathogen reduction methods, some of which utilize ultraviolet (UV) light photosensitizers. A small number of photosensitizers are being used as single agents in combination with UV light, but their efficacy can be limited against some pathogens. Benzophenone (BP) and vitamins B1, B6, and K3 have been identified as effective UVA photosensitizers for inactivation of bacteria. We evaluated whether combining pairs of photosensitizers in this group would have synergistic bactericidal effects on Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria. Study Design and Methods Bacteria species of Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae were mixed with 0 to 100 mM concentrations of photosensitizers and exposed to UVA irradiation at 18 J/cm2 to assess their bactericidal effects. Results Single photosensitizers irradiated with UVA produced a range of bactericidal activity. When combined in pairs, all demonstrated some synergistic bactericidal effects with up to 4‐log reduction above the sum of activities of individual molecules in the pair against bacteria in plasma. Photosensitizer pairs with BP had the highest synergism across all bacteria. With vitamin K3 in the pair, synergism was evident for Gram‐positive but not for Gram‐negative bacteria. Vitamin B1 and vitamin B6 had the least synergism. These results indicate that a combination approach with multiple photosensitizers may extend effectiveness of pathogen reduction in plasma. Conclusions Combining photosensitizers in pathogen reduction methods could improve bactericidal efficacy and lead to use of lower concentrations of photosensitizers to reduce toxicities and unwanted side effects.

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Inactivation of bacteria via photosensitization of vitamin K3 by UV-A light

Cited by 19 publications

References 49 publications

Viral reduction of human blood by ultraviolet A‐photosensitized vitamin K5

Viral reduction of human blood by ultraviolet A‐photosensitized vitamin K5

<p>Effects of Vitamin K3 Combined with UVB on the Proliferation and Apoptosis of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma A431 Cells</p>

Synergistic bactericidal effects of pairs of photosensitizer molecules activated by ultraviolet A light against bacteria in plasma

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