Inactivation of airborne porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSv) by a packed bed dielectric barrier discharge non-thermal plasma

Xia, Tian; Yang, Ming‐Chien; Marabella, Ian; Lee, Eric Monsu; Olson, Bernard A.; Zarling, Darrick; Torremorell, M.; Clack, Herek L.

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122266

Cited by 30 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Xia et al reported a reduction in the infectivity of MS2 bacteriophage greater than 2.3 log 10 using a packed-bed nonthermal plasma reactor at a high air flow rate of 170 slm or a particle residence time of 0.25 s [206]. Using the same packed-bed DBD reactor embedded in a test tunnel, a maximum of 1.3 log 10 reduction in the titer of the aerosolized PRRS virus was achieved at a high flow rate of 400 slm [208]. Nayak et al reported complete inactivation with a 3.5 log 10 reduction in the aerosolized PRRS virus using a DBD reactor under all investigated operating conditions [115].…”

Section: Mitigation Of Airborne Virus Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Until early 2020, only a handful of studies reported the inactivation efficacy of plasmas against airborne pathogens [115,178,198,206]. With the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic, many research groups started investigating the effectiveness of NTP as a decontamination tool against virus transmission [171,207,208]. The use of cold oxygen plasma in a single-pass flow tunnel with a particle residence time of 0.44 s in the plasma resulted in 3.1, 2, and 2.1 log 10 TCID 50 /ml reductions in hPIV-3, RSV and influenza virus A (H5N2) titers, respectively [198].…”

Section: Mitigation Of Airborne Virus Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-Thermal Plasma as a Novel Strategy for Treating or Preventing Viral Infection and Associated Disease

et al. 2021

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Pathogenic viruses cause many human, animal, and plant diseases that are associated with substantial morbidity, mortality and socio-economic impact. Although effective strategies for combatting virus transmission and associated disease are available, global outbreaks of viral pathogens such as the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrate that there is still a critical need for new approaches that can be used to interrupt the chain of viral infection and mitigate virus-associated pathogenesis. Recent studies point to non-thermal plasma (NTP), a partly ionized gas comprised of a complex mixture of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species along with physical effectors, as the potential foundation for new antiviral approaches. A more thorough understanding of the antiviral properties and safety of NTP has stimulated explorations of NTP as the basis for treatments of viral diseases. The recently described immunomodulatory properties of NTP are also being evaluated for potential use in immunotherapies of viral diseases as well as in antiviral vaccination strategies. In this review, we present the current state-of-the-art in addition to compelling arguments that NTP merits further exploration for use in the prevention and management of viral infections and associated diseases.

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Section: Mitigation Of Airborne Virus Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mitigation Of Airborne Virus Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Thermal Plasma as a Novel Strategy for Treating or Preventing Viral Infection and Associated Disease

et al. 2021

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“…For non-infectious particle penetration tests, we operated the wind tunnel at flow rates of 566 L/ min −1 , 1416 L/min −1 , and 2350 L/min −1 . We utilized a custom pneumatic nebulizer 19,20 to nebulize 5% weight aqueous KCl solution, yielding polydisperse KCl particles in the 10 nm to 10 µm diameter range. The produced droplets were entrained into the wind tunnel flow; droplet drying yielded dry KCl particles at a relative humidity in the 57%-62% range near 300 K. The size distribution function of KCl particles was measured upstream of the tested unit by sampling with isokinetic probes into both a TSI 3034 scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS), which integrates a differential mobility analyzer and condensation particle counter for particle size distribution measurements in the 10 nm-487 nm range, and a TSI 3330 optical particle spectrometer (OPS), optically measuring particle size distributions in the 500 nm-10 µm range (we note down to 300 nm is possible, but we applied the OPS only at sizes beyond the SMPS range).…”

Section: Wind Tunnel Penetration Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wind tunnel‐based testing of a photoelectrochemical oxidative filter‐based air purification unit in coronavirus and influenza aerosol removal and inactivation

et al. 2021

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Recirculating air purification technologies are employed as potential means of reducing exposure to aerosol particles and airborne viruses. Toward improved testing of recirculating air purification units, we developed and applied a medium‐scale single‐pass wind tunnel test to examine the size‐dependent collection of particles and the collection and inactivation of viable bovine coronavirus (BCoV, a betacoronavirus), porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV, an alphacoronavirus), and influenza A virus (IAV), by a commercial air purification unit. The tested unit, the Molekule Air Mini, incorporates a MERV 16 filter as well as a photoelectrochemical oxidating layer. It was found to have a collection efficiency above 95.8% for all tested particle diameters and flow rates, with collection efficiencies above 99% for supermicrometer particles with the minimum collection efficiency for particles smaller than 100 nm. For all three tested viruses, the physical tracer‐based log reduction was near 2.0 (99% removal). Conversely, the viable virus log reductions were found to be near 4.0 for IAV, 3.0 for BCoV, and 2.5 for PRCV, suggesting additional inactivation in a virus family‐ and genus‐specific manner. In total, this work describes a suite of test methods which can be used to rigorously evaluate the efficacy of recirculating air purification technologies.

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“…[ 23 ] Moreover, similar values of log reduction is achieved by a packed‐bed NTP reactor on bioaerosol containing infective bacteriophage MS2 and PRRS virus, 2.3 log and 5 log, respectively. [ 30,31 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold atmospheric plasma inactivation of aerosolized microdroplets containing bacteria and purified SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA to contrast airborne indoor transmission

Bisag

Isabelli

Laurita

et al. 2020

Plasma Processes & Polymers

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One of the major concerns in the COVID-19 pandemic is related to the possible transmission in poorly ventilated spaces of SARS-CoV-2 through aerosol microdroplets, which can remain in the air for long periods of time and be transmitted to others over distances >1 m. Cold atmospheric pressure plasmas can represent a promising solution, thanks to their ability in producing a blend of many reactive species, which can inactivate the airborne aerosolized microorganisms. In this study, a dielectric barrier discharge plasma source is used to directly inactivate suitably produced bioaerosols containing Staphylococcus epidermidis or purified SARS-CoV-2 RNA flowing through it. Results show that for low residence times (<0.2 s) in the plasma region a 3.7 log R on bacterial bioaerosol and degradation of viral RNA can be achieved. K E Y W O R D S bioaerosol, cold plasma, inactivation, indoor airborne transmission, SARS-CoV-2 Alina Bisag and Pasquale Isabelli contributed equally to this study.

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Inactivation of airborne porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSv) by a packed bed dielectric barrier discharge non-thermal plasma

Cited by 30 publications

References 26 publications

Non-Thermal Plasma as a Novel Strategy for Treating or Preventing Viral Infection and Associated Disease

Non-Thermal Plasma as a Novel Strategy for Treating or Preventing Viral Infection and Associated Disease

Wind tunnel‐based testing of a photoelectrochemical oxidative filter‐based air purification unit in coronavirus and influenza aerosol removal and inactivation

Cold atmospheric plasma inactivation of aerosolized microdroplets containing bacteria and purified SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA to contrast airborne indoor transmission

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