Inactivation of ahpC renders Stenotrophomonas maltophilia resistant to the disinfectant hydrogen peroxide

Charoenlap, Nisanart; Jiramonai, Luksika; Chittrakanwong, Jurairat; Tunsakul, Naruemon; Mongkolsuk, Skorn; Vattanaviboon, Paiboon

doi:10.1007/s10482-018-1203-9

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Vattanaviboon's group has investigated the role of AhpCF of S. maltophilia in response to high level of H 2 O 2 stress recently [18], and their conclusions are not totally consistent with our findings. They demonstrated that inactivation of ahpC rendered S. maltophilia more resistant to 300-900 mM H 2 O 2 than parental strain, which was attributed to the enhanced KatA2 expression and activity [18]. However, our results showed that the expression of katA2 in the 2 mM H 2 O 2 -treated ahpCF mutant (KJΔAhpCF) was comparable to that of parental strain (KJ) (Fig.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

Protection from hydrogen peroxide stress relies mainly on AhpCF and KatA2 in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

Shih

Huang

et al. 2020

J Biomed Sci

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Background: Aerobically-grown bacteria can be challenged by hydrogen peroxide stress from endogenous aerobic metabolism and exogenously generated reactive oxygen species. Catalase (Kat), alkyl hydroperoxidase (Ahp), and glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) systems are major adaptive responses to H 2 O 2 stress in bacteria. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a ubiquitous Gram-negative bacterium equipped with four Kats (KatA1, KatA2, KatMn, and KatE), one Ahp (AhpCF), and three Gpxs (Gpx1, Gpx2, and Gpx3). Here, we systematically investigated how the eight H 2 O 2 scavenging genes differentially contribute to the low-micromolar levels of H 2 O 2 generated from aerobic metabolism and high-millimolar levels of H 2 O 2 from exogenous sources. Methods: Gene expression was assessed and quantified by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and real time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), respectively. The contribution of these enzymes to H 2 O 2 stress was assessed using mutant construction and functional investigation. Results: Of the eight genes, katA2, ahpCF, and gpx3 were intrinsically expressed in response to low-micromolar levels of H 2 O 2 from aerobic metabolism, and the expression of katA2 and ahpCF was regulated by OxyR. AhpCF and KatA2 were responsible for alleviating aerobic growth-mediated low concentration H 2 O 2 stress and AhpCF played a critical role for stationary-phase cells. KatA2 was upregulated to compensate for AhpCF in the case of ahpCF inactivation. After exposure to millimolar levels of H 2 O 2 , katA2 and ahpCF were upregulated in an OxyR-dependent manner. KatA2 was the critical enzyme for dealing with high concentration H 2 O 2. Loss-of-function of KatA2 increased bacterial susceptibility to high concentration H 2 O 2. Conclusions: AhpCF and KatA2 are key enzymes protecting S. maltophilia from hydrogen peroxide stress.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

Protection from hydrogen peroxide stress relies mainly on AhpCF and KatA2 in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

Shih

Huang

et al. 2020

J Biomed Sci

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“…StmPr1 is a major extracellular protease of S. maltophilia and is present in 99.8% of strains 34 . KatA is a catalase mediating increased levels of persistence to hydrogen peroxide-based disinfectants and was found in 86.6% of strains 35 . While KatA is present at high proportions in strains of most lineages (i.e.…”

Section: S Maltophilia Complex Comprises 23 Monophyletic Lineagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The phylogenetic landscape and nosocomial spread of the multidrug-resistant opportunist Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

et al. 2020

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Recent studies portend a rising global spread and adaptation of human-or healthcareassociated pathogens. Here, we analyse an international collection of the emerging, multidrug-resistant, opportunistic pathogen Stenotrophomonas maltophilia from 22 countries to infer population structure and clonality at a global level. We show that the S. maltophilia complex is divided into 23 monophyletic lineages, most of which harbour strains of all degrees of human virulence. Lineage Sm6 comprises the highest rate of human-associated strains, linked to key virulence and resistance genes. Transmission analysis identifies potential outbreak events of genetically closely related strains isolated within days or weeks in the same hospitals.

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“…Additionally, the treatments must be repeated to achieve cumulative effects, more significant bioactivity of the extract against bacteria Staphylococcus epidermidis and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. In particular, those last emerging opportunistic pathogens with evidence of intrahospital transmission are resistant to multiple drugs and disinfectants, associated with their high mutagenic capacity (21,22).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro effectiveness of an aqueous extract of Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) leaves on bacteria causing healthcare associated infection in Valledupar

Rios

Claros

et al. 2021

Vitae

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Background: Globally, the need to address strategies for preventing infections associated with health care has increased worldwide. In the city of Valledupar, Colombia, reports of bacteria resistant to chemical or enzymatic biocides in hospital environments and surfaces are increasingly frequent, evidencing the importance of conducting studies aimed at identifying alternative active ingredients for disinfectant products. Objective: Evaluate the in vitro effectiveness of Neem leaves extract over bacteria strains isolated from different areas and surfaces of a health institution in Valledupar, compared to disinfectants for hospital use, an enzymatic detergent, and a commercial chemical disinfectant. Methods: Biocidal activities on bacteria isolated from hospital surfaces, such as Acinetobacter baumanni, Bacillus subtilis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Micrococcus sp, and Stenotrophomonas malthophila were analyzed. The Neem leaves extract was evaluated at concentrations of 3, 4, and 5 % for each bacterium during 15-minute contact time, incubated at 37 °C for 18 hours. We compared two antimicrobial chemicals, a disinfectant (based on formaldehyde, cetrimide, and glutaraldehyde), and an enzymatic detergent (based on protease, lipase, and amylase). Results: The aqueous Neem extract did not show significant differences with the other treatments with 99.48 to 100% inhibition against bacteria of the species Acinetobacter baumanni, Enterobacter aerogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Micrococcus sp.; Bacillus subtilis, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strains were the most resistant strains inhibited by enzymatic detergent and disinfectant, respectively. None of the products evaluated were effective against all in vitrostrains. Conclusions: These data show Neem’s bacteriostatic properties, its potential in in-hospital products, and the need to combine different active ingredients in a disinfection plan.

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Inactivation of ahpC renders Stenotrophomonas maltophilia resistant to the disinfectant hydrogen peroxide

Cited by 11 publications

References 17 publications

Protection from hydrogen peroxide stress relies mainly on AhpCF and KatA2 in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

Protection from hydrogen peroxide stress relies mainly on AhpCF and KatA2 in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

The phylogenetic landscape and nosocomial spread of the multidrug-resistant opportunist Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

In vitro effectiveness of an aqueous extract of Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) leaves on bacteria causing healthcare associated infection in Valledupar

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