Inactivation efficiency and mechanism of UV-TiO 2 photocatalysis against murine norovirus using a solidified agar matrix

Research Progress in Viral Inactivation Utilizing Human Norovirus Surrogates

“…Additionally, application of TiO 2 further enhanced viral inactivation. The mechanism of inactivation was also investigated, and the UV treatment was found to inactivate virus by causing damage to both the capsid protein and genomic RNA (Park et al, 2016a). Similar observations are reported by Lee and Ko (2013) when applying different UV wavelengths to inactivate MS2 with and without TiO2, with UV-A showing no significant reduction without enhancement of inactivation by including TiO 2 .…”

“…There was a 4 log reduction of adenovirus and MNV had reached undetectable limits (>6 log reduction) after 24 h, with adenovirus being reduced to the same levels after 48 h (Garcia et al, 2014). Park et al (2016a) investigated the effects of different variables of UV wavelength and photocatalysis on inactivation of MNV. The experiment was conducted on a solidified agar matrix (SAM) used to replicate the matrix of a blueberry.…”

Trends and targets in antiviral phototherapy

“…One example using a simple, inexpensive inorganic compound and sunlight is TiO 2 photocatalysis for PDI of viruses. 161,162 However, nanoparticle-sized TiO 2 -occurring in an multitude of products -is investigated for potential health issues. 407 In the context of viral safety, PDI has been proposed for the inactivation of viral samples in laboratory safety, 18d and the PDI of viruses and bacteria has even been discussed as a measure for the destruction of biowarfare agents.…”

“…Park et al investigated the mechanism and efficiency of MNV-1 inactivation using TiO 2 on solidified agar matrix. 161 UV-C light was found to be the most effective in reducing viral titers, with negligible levels remaining after a 5 min treatment. It was observed that the hydroxyl radicals produced upon light irradiation were responsible for MNV-1 inactivation, quantified using p-chlorobenzoic acid as a probe.…”

Review on heterogeneous photocatalytic disinfection of waterborne, airborne, and foodborne viruses: Can we win against pathogenic viruses?

“…The inactivation yield of disinfection procedures is hard to investigate for vegetables and fruits, due to their irregular surface characteristics and inconsistent degree of pollution [89] , [90] . Park et al investigated the disinfection efficiency of murine norovirus 1 (MNV-1), as a HuNoV, by a constructed solidified agar matrix (SAM) as a simulated blueberries under UVA, UVB, and UVC irradiations in the absence and presence of TiO 2 [91] . Among them, UVC with TiO 2 obtained a good level of virus decrease for both externally inoculated and internalized MNV-1.…”