Inactivation Efficacy of Nonthermal Plasma-Activated Solutions against Newcastle Disease Virus

Abstract

In recent years, plasma-activated solutions (PASs) have made good progress in the disinfection of medical devices, tooth whitening, and fruit preservation. In this study, we investigated the inactivation efficacy of Newcastle disease virus by PASs. Water, 0.9% NaCl, and 0.3% H2O2 were excited by plasma to obtain the corresponding solutions PAS(H2O), PAS(NaCl), and PAS(H2O2). The complete inactivation of virus after PAS treatment for 30 min was confirmed by the embryo lethality assay (ELA) and hemagglutination (HA) test. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed that the morphology of the viral particle changed under PAS treatments. The total protein concentration of virus decreased as measured by a Bradford protein assay due to PAS treatment. The nucleic acid integrity assay demonstrated that viral RNA degraded into smaller fragments. Moreover, the physicochemical properties of PASs, including the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), electrical conductivity, and H2O2 concentration, and electron spin resonance spectra analysis indicated that reactive oxygen and nitrogen species play a major role in the virus inactivation. Therefore, the application of PASs, as an environmentally friendly method, would be a promising alternative strategy in poultry industries.IMPORTANCE Newcastle disease (ND), as an infectious viral disease of avian species, caused significant economic losses to domestic animal and poultry industries. The traditional chemical sanitizers, such as chlorine-based products, are associated with risks of by-product formation with carcinogenic effects and environmental pollution. On the basis of this, plasma-activated water as a green disinfection product is a promising alternative for applications in stock farming and sterilization in hospitals and public places. In this study, we explored the inactivation efficacy of different plasma-activated solutions (PASs) against ND virus (NDV) and the possible underlying mechanisms. Our results demonstrated that reactive oxygen and nitrogen species detected in PASs, including short-lived OH˙ and NO˙ and long-lived H2O2, changed the morphology, destroyed the RNA structure, and degraded the protein of the virus, consequently resulting in virus inactivation. These lay a foundation for the application of PASs to resolve the issues of public health and environmental sanitation.

Preparation of the inactivated Newcastle disease vaccine by plasma activated water and evaluation of its protection efficacy

“…It was speculated that a series of chemical reactions occurred in the system of PAW and allantoic fluid system. It has been realized that varieties of ROS in cold plasma could destroy the viral envelope protein and damage the nucleic acid, thus leading to virus inactivation (Guo et al 2018;Morita et al 2000;Su et al 2018;Tagawa et al 2000;Wu et al 2015;Xia et al 2019), which was in a good agreement with our results.…”

“…Considering its easy to control and environmentally friendly features, we try to adopt PAW application. It is noteworthy that Su et al have proposed that PAW possessed the potential ability of virus inactivation (Su et al 2018), which lay a foundation for evaluating the PAW ability for vaccine preparation and its protective efficacy.…”

SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing serum antibodies in cats: a serological investigation

“…The total protein concentration of purified and inactivated SARS-CoV-2 was determined by Bradford protein assay (Su et al, 2018). 4 μg protein was subjected to 8% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and transferred on to nitrocellulose membrane.…”

Nonthermal Plasma–Liquid Interactions in Food Processing: A Review

“…• OH and nitric acid radicals (NO • ) are precursors for the production of nitrites, nitrates, and hydrogen peroxide in PAW (Naïtali, Kamgang‐Youbi, Herry, Bellon‐Fontaine, & Brisset, ). The long‐lived nitrates and nitrites along with H 2 O 2 prolong the bactericidal activity of plasma activated solution (PAS) (Su et al., ). The concentration of NO • in the PASs can be altered by using different discharge power levels and activation time (Tian et al., ).…”