Inactivated Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis Vaccines Prepared in Monolayer and Concentrated Suspension Chick Embryo Cultures

White, Arthur H.; Berman, Sanford; Lowenthal, Joseph P.

doi:10.1128/aem.22.5.909-913.1971

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Formalin-inactivated WEEV, EEEV, and VEEV vaccines are weakly immunogenic, possibly because of cross-linking of proteins and masking of important immune epitopes required for protection. These are being used for at-risk laboratory workers under Investigational New Drug status (7,28,(34)(35)(36)(37). Another modality, a trivalent EEV replicon vaccine, failed to seroconvert all animals and protect completely against each aerosol EEV challenge in NHPs (13).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A virus-like particle vaccine prevents equine encephalitis virus infection in nonhuman primates

Akahata

Yang

et al. 2019

Sci. Transl. Med.

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Western, Eastern, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses (WEEV, EEEV, and VEEV, respectively) are important mosquito-borne agents that pose public health and bioterrorism threats. Despite considerable advances in understanding alphavirus replication, there are currently no available effective vaccines or antiviral treatments against these highly lethal pathogens. To develop a potential countermeasure for viral encephalitis, we generated a trivalent, or three-component, EEV vaccine composed of virus-like particles (VLPs). Monovalent VLPs elicited neutralizing antibody responses and protected mice and nonhuman primates (NHPs) against homologous challenges, but they were not cross-protective. In contrast, NHPs immunized with trivalent VLPs were completely protected against aerosol challenge by each of these three EEVs. Passive transfer of IgG from immunized NHPs protected mice against aerosolized EEV challenge, demonstrating that the mechanism of protection was humoral. Because they are replication incompetent, these trivalent VLPs represent a potentially safe and effective vaccine that can protect against diverse encephalitis viruses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A virus-like particle vaccine prevents equine encephalitis virus infection in nonhuman primates

Akahata

Yang

et al. 2019

Sci. Transl. Med.

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“…We inactivated at 37 C with the vessels kept in constant motion throughout the periods employed. Other investigators have shown that temperature is critical and that lower temperatures greatly decrease the rate of inactivation (7,16,18). In future studies, selected lots of inactivated Trinidad VEE vaccine will be tested in Equidae to establish parameters for volume and number of doses required, interval between doses, persistence of immunity, and effectiveness as a "booster" in equines previously immunized with attenuated VEE vaccine as well as in offspring of the latter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formalin-inactivated Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis (Trinidad Strain) Vaccine Produced in Rolling-Bottle Cultures of Chicken Embryo Cells

Cole

May

Robinson

1973

Applied Microbiology

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Formalin-inactivated Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis vaccine was prepared from virus grown in rolling-bottle cultures of chicken embryo cells. Trinidad strain virus was propagated in these cultures with a maintenance medium consisting of serum-free medium 199 containing 0.25% human serum albumin (USP) and antibiotics. Manipulation of multiplicity of inoculum (0.06 to 0.00006) and maintenance medium volume (100 to 300 ml) resulted in high-titered virus yields and only moderate cell destruction when fluids from infected cultures were harvested at 18 to 24 hr. The virus was inactivated at 37 C by 0.05% Formalin within 8 to 10 hr and with 0.1% Formalin within 6 to 8 hr. Single dose, antigen extinction tests in mice performed with 30 small-scale vaccine lots showed excellent potency at either Formalin concentration with inactivation periods ranging from 24 to 96 hr.

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“…Also, lots of virus were propagated in concentrated CE suspension cultures by the methods reported for Eastern equine virus (White et al, Arch. Gesamte Virusforch., 36: [13][14][15][16][17]1972).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vaccine preparation and potency assays. The vaccines from virus grown in MK monolayers and concentrated CE suspension cultures were prepared as previously described (2,13). Potency assays of the vaccines were performed in 3-to 4-week-old Swiss Bagg strain male mice which were obtained from the Department of Laboratory Animals, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Immunogenicities of Chikungunya Vaccines Propagated in Monkey Kidney Monolayers and Chick Embryo Suspension Cultures

White¹,

Berman²,

Lowenthal³

1972

Applied Microbiology

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A comparative study was made of Formalin-inactivated Chikungunya vaccines prepared from the virus propagated in African green monkey kidney monolayers and concentrated chick embryo suspension cultures. The vaccine prepared in the chick embryo suspension cultures was significantly more protective to mice against a live homologous virus challenge and stimulated the production of 4 to 5 times more circulating antibodies than the vaccine prepared with virus grown in African green monkey kidney monolayer cultures. Chikungunya (CHIK) virus is a group A arbovirus which produces a denguelike febrile illness in man (12) and is widely disseminated

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Inactivated Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis Vaccines Prepared in Monolayer and Concentrated Suspension Chick Embryo Cultures

Cited by 9 publications

References 11 publications

A virus-like particle vaccine prevents equine encephalitis virus infection in nonhuman primates

A virus-like particle vaccine prevents equine encephalitis virus infection in nonhuman primates

Formalin-inactivated Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis (Trinidad Strain) Vaccine Produced in Rolling-Bottle Cultures of Chicken Embryo Cells

Comparative Immunogenicities of Chikungunya Vaccines Propagated in Monkey Kidney Monolayers and Chick Embryo Suspension Cultures

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