Inability to improve performance with control shows limited access to inner states.

Perquin, Marlou Nadine; Yang, Jessica; Teufel, Christoph; Sumner, Petroc; Hedge, Craig; Bompas, Aline

doi:10.1037/xge0000641

Cited by 6 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 110 publications

(154 reference statements)

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“…We report this here—rather than in the main results — as this was not the purpose of the present study. We note that, consistent with previous studies, local correlations between performance and attention ratings are highly significant, but their shared variance is weak, consistent with the idea that most of the variability in performance escapes consciousness (see Perquin et al, 2020 for empirical implications of this idea).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…While white noise with an SD of 1 shows a flat power spectrum centred on zero, this is not the case for higher SDs. Instead, when shuffling RT data or when generating random data series with the same variance (Perquin et al, 2020; see https://osf.io/a6zsv/ for simulations), the intercept is dependent upon the overall variance in the series – which is particularly problematic when looking at intra- and inter-individual correlations. To correct for these differences, each RT series was randomly shuffled 100 times.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In experimental data, RT variability is often measured by calculating the standard deviation (SD) or coefficient of variability (SD divided by mean) over whole sessions (e.g., Perquin et al, 2020), but these measures only reflect the overall amount of variance in the data. Instead, quantifying the correlation of an RT series with itself across trials (i.e., autocorrelation) reveals that RT is indeed not independent over time, but often shows a dependency with itself that persist over many trials (see for instance Gilden, 2001; Torre, Vergotte, Viel, Perrey & Dupeyron, 2019; Torre & Wagenmakers, 2009; Van Orden, Holden & Turvey, 2003; Wagenmakers, Farrell & Ratcliff, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temporal structure in sensorimotor variability: a stable trait, but what for?

Perquin¹,

Bompas²

2019

Preprint

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Human performance shows substantial endogenous variability over time. Such variability has been known to show temporal structures: Performance from action to action is not independent, but shows correlation with itself over time. While the existence of such dependencies has been frequently reported on, its measurement and interpretation come with a number of controversies, and its potential benefit for studying individual differences remains unclear. Two recent studies have linked temporal structures to individual differences in task performance, but with contrasting results. In the current study, we aim to investigate the intra-individual repeatability of these temporal structures in endogenous performance on the Metronome Task (25 participants, tested in two sessions ~45 minutes apart). Secondly, we examine the inter-individual correlates of the temporal structures (83 participants), specifically looking at: 1) task performance, 2) meta-cognitive ratings of attentional state, and 3) self-assessed personality traits (ADHD tendencies, mind wandering, and impulsivity).Rather than using one analysis method (as is common in the literature), we consistently compare all the frequently-used analysis methodsallowing us to investigate the structures without an a prior assumption on the underlying time scales.Results indicate that autocorrelation at lag 1 and Power Spectra Density slope showed the most intra-individual repeatability, ARFIMA(1,d,1) parameters showed the least, and evidence for Detrended Fluctuation Analysis was indeterminate with a moderate effect size at best. Overall, the autocorrelation at lag 1 seemed the best measure for studying individual differences, due to its high reliability and ease of use. Furthermore, with exception of the ARFIMA parameters, temporal structure was correlated with performance but not with subjective attentional state or self-assessed personality traits between participants.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temporal structure in sensorimotor variability: a stable trait, but what for?

Perquin¹,

Bompas²

2019

Preprint

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“…This difference could explain why Meiran et al [ 2 ] or Longman et al [ 9 ] failed to find a link between self-paced preparation and performance in their task-switching study. In a more recent study, Perquin and colleagues [ 50 ] also reported that participants did not show performance improvements in practised tasks after self-paced preparation. Longer self-paced preparation for the upcoming trial was in particular associated with poorer performance, hence providing evidence against a positive link between self-paced preparation and performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benefits and costs of self-paced preparation of novel task instructions

2021

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Rapidly executing novel instructions is a critical ability. However, it remains unclear whether longer preparation of novel instructions improves performance, and if so, whether this link is modulated by performance benefits and costs of preparation. Regarding the first question, we reanalysed previous data on novel instruction implementation and ran Experiment 1. Experiment 1 consisted of multiple mini-blocks, in which participants prepared four novel stimulus–response (S-R) mappings in a self-paced instruction phase. After participants indicated they were ready, one of the four stimuli was presented and they responded. The reanalysis and Experiment 1 showed that longer preparation indeed led to better performance. To examine if preparation was modulated when the benefits of preparation were reduced, we presented the correct response with the stimulus on some trials in Experiments 2 and 3. Preparation was shorter when the probability that the correct response was presented with the stimulus increased. In Experiment 4, we manipulated the costs of preparation by changing the S-R mappings between the instruction and execution phases on some trials. This had only limited effects on preparation time. In conclusion, self-paced preparation of novel instructions comes with performance benefits and costs, and participants adjust their preparation strategy to the task context.

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“…Of course, this would be a false assumption; oculomotor variability inherently reflects the functioning of our oculomotor system. Fixational eye movements have been proven to be important for our vision (see Rolfs, 2009; Martinez-Conde et al, 2013 for reviews), and more generally speaking it is possible that intra-individual variability is largely irreducible (Perquin et al, 2019).…”

Section: Individual Differences In Oculomotor Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability and correlates of intra-individual variability in the oculomotor system

Perquin

Bompas

2019

JEMR

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Even if all external circumstances are kept equal, the oculomotor system shows intra-individual variability over time, affecting measures such as microsaccade rate, blink rate, pupil size, and gaze position. Recently, some of these measures have been associated with ADHD on a between-subject level. However, it remains unclear to what extent these measures constitute stable individual traits. In the current study, we investigate the intra-individual reliability of these oculomotor features. Combining results over three experiments (>100 healthy participants), we found evidence for intra-individual reliability over different time points (repeatability) as well as over different conditions (generalization). Furthermore, we correlated oculomotor variability with self-assessed ADHD tendencies, mind wandering, and impulsivity, and found evidence against such correlations. As such, the oculomotor system shows reliable intra-individual reliability, but its use for distinguishing self-assessed individual differences in healthy subjects remains unclear. With our results, we highlight the importance of reliability and statistical power when studying between-subject differences.

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Inability to improve performance with control shows limited access to inner states.

Cited by 6 publications

References 110 publications

Temporal structure in sensorimotor variability: a stable trait, but what for?

Temporal structure in sensorimotor variability: a stable trait, but what for?

Benefits and costs of self-paced preparation of novel task instructions

Reliability and correlates of intra-individual variability in the oculomotor system

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