In your face

Peterson, Johnathan C.; Jacobs, Carly; Hibbing, John R.; Smith, Kevin B.

doi:10.1017/pls.2017.13

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…A few general patterns stand out in this table: fEMG has been mostly used in studies published in other fields than political science. Second, the corrugator is the most widely studied muscle and the sample sizes vary tremendously: from 21 (Marcus, Wood, & Theiss-Morse, 1998) to over 300 (Peterson, Jacobs, Hibbing, & Smith, 2018).…”

Section: Facial Electromyographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Using measures of psychophysiological and neural activity to advance understanding of psychological processes in politics

Bakker¹,

Schumacher²

2023

Preprint

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Innovation implies successful introduction. Measures of psychophysiological and neural activity have been introduced to political science but the fact they are still rarely used, particularly in mainstream political science, indicates that this introduction has not been successful. Instead, the status quo in political science is to rely on self-reported measures of feelings, beliefs, and opinions. A recent review of research on ``emotion and politics'' in the Annual Review of Political Science underlines this point as it contains very few references to work using measures of psychophysiological and neural activity. We identify three problems with this status quo. First, unconscious (or preconscious) affective processes cannot be measured with self-reports because we are mostly unaware of these processes. Second, the complex interplay between affective and cognitive processes at the neural level cannot be characterized by relying on typical (survey) experimental outcome measures. Third, on socially sensitive topics, people may be motivated to self-report in socially desirable ways. As such, self-reports may even be misleading. In sum, political psychology largely concentrates on more conscious reflections at the expense of potentially relevant preconscious or unconscious explanations or mechanisms. The goal of this chapter is to inspire the next generation of political psychology research to move beyond self-reports and adopt theories and methods that help us to better characterize the affective-cognitive processes of political decision-making. To this end we provide an overview of work using psychophysiological measures (skin conductance, heart rate variability, and facial electromyography (fEMG)), eye-tracking, and neuroimaging measures (electroencephalography (EEG), functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging).

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Section: Facial Electromyographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Using measures of psychophysiological and neural activity to advance understanding of psychological processes in politics

Bakker¹,

Schumacher²

2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although far from perfect (Benjamin & Shapiro, 2009;Olivola & Todorov, 2010b;Saxton et al, 2019), people differentiate between Republican and Democratic U.S. Senate candidates based on their faces (Carpinella & Johnson, 2013;Jahoda, 1954;Laustsen & Petersen, 2016;Olivola et al, 2012;Rule & Ambady, 2010a;Wilson & Rule, 2014) and can reliably infer the ideology of Swiss parliament members, as reflected by their voting records (Samochowiec et al, 2010). Subtle cues seem to drive these judgments (e.g., Peterson et al, 2018). For example, perceivers generally expect Republicans to look more powerful, which they actually do (Rule & Ambady, 2010a; but see also Wilson & Rule, 2014).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dictators Differ From Democratically Elected Leaders in Facial Warmth

Giacomin

Mulligan

Rule

2021

Social Psychological and Personality Science

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Despite the many important considerations relevant to selecting a leader, facial appearance carries surprising sway. Following numerous studies documenting the role of facial appearance in government elections, we investigated differences in perceptions of dictators versus democratically elected leaders. Participants in Study 1 successfully classified pictures of 160 world leaders as democrats or dictators significantly better than chance. Probing what distinguished them, separate participants rated the affect, attractiveness, competence, dominance, facial maturity, likability, and trustworthiness of the leaders’ faces in Study 2. Relating these perceptions to the categorizations made by participants in Study 1 showed that democratically elected leaders looked significantly more attractive and warmer (an average of likability and trustworthiness) than dictators did. Leaders’ facial appearance could therefore contribute to their success within their respective political systems.

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Assessing the speed and ease of extracting group and person information from faces

Skorich

Mavor

Haslam

et al. 2021

J Theo Social Psycho

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The human face is a key source of social information. In particular, it communicates a target's personal identity and some of their group memberships. Different models of social perception posit distinct stages at which this group-level and person-level information is extracted from the face, with divergent downstream consequences for cognition and behavior. This paper presents four experiments that explore the timecourse of extracting group and person information from faces. In Experiments 1 and 2, we explore the effect of chunked versus unchunked processing on the speed of extracting group versus person information, as well as the impact of familiarity in Experiment 2. In Experiment 3, we examine the effect of the availability of a diagnostic cue on these same judgments. In Experiment 4, we explore the effect of both group-level and person-level prototypicality of face exemplars. Across all four experiments, we find no evidence for the perceptual primacy of either group or person information. Instead, we find that chunked processing, featural processing based on a single diagnostic cue, familiarity, and the prototypicality of face exemplars all result in a processing speed advantage for both group-level and person-level judgments equivalently. These results have important implications for influential models of impression formation and can inform, and be integrated with, an understanding of the process of social categorization more broadly.

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In your face

Cited by 7 publications

References 62 publications

Using measures of psychophysiological and neural activity to advance understanding of psychological processes in politics

Using measures of psychophysiological and neural activity to advance understanding of psychological processes in politics

Dictators Differ From Democratically Elected Leaders in Facial Warmth

Assessing the speed and ease of extracting group and person information from faces

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