In your eyes: Does theory of mind predict impaired life functioning in bipolar disorder?

Purcell, Amanda; Phillips, Mary L.; Gruber, June

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.06.051

Cited by 39 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…If enhanced ToM decoding skills simply marked a transient dysphoric state, then both the past-depressed and never-depressed groups would show superior performance on the RMET after a sad mood induction than after a happy mood induction. In contrast to these results, Purcell et al [73] described a similar accuracy on the RMET in remitted individuals with unipolar depression as in controls.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…Studies investigating the reasoning aspect of ToM in dysphoria are lacking. Apart from Harkness et al [33,68,72], three other groups of researchers investigated ToM after symptom remission in MDD patients, one of which found no significant differences between patients and controls [73], a second one reported on continued but more moderate forms of ToM deficit after symptomatic remission [75], and a third one found that ToM deficits in these patients are associated with higher risk for relapse [74]. In order to get a clearer picture about ToM functioning during the remitted state of major depression, the number of longitudinal studies comparing ToM performance before and after recovery should be increased.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Theory of Mind in Depressive Disorders: A Review of the Literature

Berecz

Tényi

Herold³

2016

Psychopathology

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Background: Theory of mind (ToM) is the ability to infer the mental states of others in order to understand and predict their behaviour. This ability is thought to be essential to social functioning and interpersonal relationships. As major depression is characterized by considerable social and interpersonal difficulties, exploration of the quality of ToM functioning can be particularly relevant in this and in related disorders. We aim to review the current state of research on ToM in depressive disorders in order to find out the extent to which ToM impairment is associated with these illnesses. Methods: An internet database search was carried out to collect all publications on the subject. Results: A total of 32 publications in English met our inclusion criteria: (a) 17 studies on ToM in major depression, (b) 4 studies on ToM in psychotic depression, (c) 3 studies on ToM in dysphoria or mild depression, (d) 4 studies on ToM in euthymic major depression, (e) 2 studies on ToM in chronic versus episodic depression, and (f) 2 studies on ToM in another psychiatric disorder with comorbid major depression. Conclusions: Despite an increased interest in the research of the topic in recent years, no firm conclusions can be drawn, as the reviewed articles present some conflicting results. Acutely depressed patients have been found to be impaired on tasks involving both ToM social-perceptual and social-cognitive components. On the other hand, a number of studies have not reported significant between-group differences between depressed patients and healthy controls or have found minimal differences. Further research is needed in order to confirm and extend these results.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theory of Mind in Depressive Disorders: A Review of the Literature

Berecz

Tényi

Herold³

2016

Psychopathology

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“…Number of lifetime manic episodes (range = 1–99 6 , M = 11.38, SD = 20.25) and depressive episodes (range = 0–99, M = 14.39, SD = 23.05) were assessed in the participants diagnosed with BD disorder using the NIMH-LCMr. All participants then completed a series of procedures not relevant to the present study (for other articles discussing this dataset, see Gilbert, Nolen-Hoeksema, & Gruber, 2013; Gruber, Kogan, Mennin, & Murray, in press; Gruber, Purcell, Perna, & Mikels, 2013; Kang & Gruber, 2013; Purcell, Phillips, & Gruber, 2013). At the end of the session, participants completed the extreme valuing of happiness and general goal pursuit scales using an online survey.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Valuing happiness is associated with bipolar disorder.

Ford¹,

Mauss²,

Gruber³

2015

Emotion

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While people who experience happiness tend to have better psychological health, people who value happiness to an extreme tend to have worse psychological health, including more depression. We propose that the extreme valuing of happiness may be a general risk factor for mood disturbances, both depressive and manic. To test this hypothesis, we examined the relationship between the extreme valuing of happiness and risk for, diagnosis of, and illness course for Bipolar Disorder (BD). Supporting our hypothesis, the extreme valuing of happiness was associated with a measure of increased risk for developing BD (Studies 1–2), increased likelihood of past diagnosis of BD (Studies 2–3), and worse prospective illness course in BD (Study 3), even when controlling for current mood symptoms (Studies 1–3). These findings indicate that the extreme valuing of happiness is associated with and even predicts BD. Taken together with previous evidence, these findings suggest that the extreme valuing of happiness is a general risk factor for mood disturbances. More broadly, what emotions people strive to feel may play a critical role in psychological health.

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“…Great variability has been observed among studies of social cognition in euthymic bipolar patients: while some of them revealed large magnitudes of impairment (Malhi et al, 2008;Montag et al, 2008) others reported small effect sizes (Martino et al, 2011;Lee et al, 2013) or the absence of patient-control differences (Caletti et al, 2013;Purcell et al, 2013). A preliminary meta-analysis (Samamé et al, 2012) revealed moderate-to-large effect sizes for theory of mind and small effect sizes for emotion recognition, favoring healthy controls.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%