In vivo treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection with liposomal linolenic acid reduces colonization and ameliorates inflammation

Abstract

Significance The use of a liposomal formulation of linolenic acid to kill Helicobacter pylori bacteria in the stomach represents a powerful treatment option for H. pylori infection, as well as its associated gastroduodenal diseases. Because the therapeutic agent is a natural compound found in common vegetable oils, such treatment is expected to be cost-effective compared with the existing antibiotic-based anti- H. pylori therapeutics. More important, the excellent antimicrobial efficacy, marked by significantly reduced in vivo bacterial colonization and inflammation, is achieved through rapid fusion of the nanoformulation with bacterial membrane, a mechanism known to overcome bacterial drug resistance. Similar therapeutic approaches can be developed to treat various types other bacterial infections.

Coating Nanoparticles with Gastric Epithelial Cell Membrane for Targeted Antibiotic Delivery against Helicobacter pylori Infection

“…AGS-NPs were suspended in water or 1X PBS and monitored for hydrodynamic sizes measured with DLS for 24 h. Herein, 1X PBS was used to simulate the pH level of stomach fluid when proton pump inhibitor (PPI) was administered in subsequent anti- H. pylori treatment. [17] In PBS, AGS-NPs maintained stable sizes comparable to those in water, indicating an enhanced colloidal stability due to the membrane coating (Figure 2C). AGS-NPs were further analyzed with Western blot for antigenic information (Figure 2D).…”

“…The study was carried out in 1X PBS to simulate the pH level in stomach when PPI was applied to block gastric acid production. [17] Without membrane coating, PLGA cores showed a prominent burst release of CLR. In contrast, burst release was minimized when release from AGS-NP(CLR) was measured.…”

“…[42] Herein, AGS-NPs are designed with a diameter of approximately 100 nm and a negative surface charge, as nanoparticles with a comparable size and surface charge are known to effectively penetrate mucus layer. [17, 43] In addition, blank cell membrane-coated PLGA nanoparticles (without drugs) are known to neutralize bacterial toxins for antivirulence therapy [44, 45] . Similar toxin decoy effect may also exist for the AGS-NPs against H. pylori bacteria.…”

“…More recently, novel liposomes containing free fatty acids, which were prone to fusion with H. pylori bacteria, have been developed. [16,17] These liposomes disrupted bacterial membrane and compromised the structural integrity of the bacteria for bioactivity, and thus showed a much lower rate to elicit drug resistance compared to conventional antibiotics. [18] While therapeutic nanoparticles are increasingly applied to treat H. pylori infection, technologies for nanoparticle engineering and functionalization have also advanced significantly.…”

American Ginseng Attenuates Colitis-Associated Colon Carcinogenesis in Mice: Impact on Gut Microbiota and Metabolomics

“…As expected, the contents of these two compounds were decreased very significantly after ginseng administration. In addition, it was found that linolenic acid possess anti-tumorigenesis potential via gut mucosa protection and pro-inflammatory cytokine inhibition (41). In the stool samples, AOM/DSS very significantly decreased the level of linolenic acid, while its level was restored by ginseng.…”