In Vivo Toxicity of Oral Administrated Nano-SiO2: Can Food Additives Increase Apoptosis?

Abstract

Nano silicon dioxide (Nano-SiO 2 ) has a great deal of application in food packaging, as antibacterial food additives, and in drug delivery systems but this nanoparticle, despite its wide range of utilizations, can generate destructive effects on organs such as the liver, lung, and kidney. This study aimed to investigate the toxicological effects of nano-SiO 2 through apoptotic factors. For this purpose, 40 female rats in 4 groups (n = 10) received 300, 600, and 900 mg/kg/day of nano-SiO 2 at 20-30 nm size orally for 20 days.Relative expression of Caspase3, Bcl-2, and BAX genes in kidney and liver evaluated in Real time-PCR.The Results indicated the overexpression of BAX and Caspase3 genes in the liver and kidney in groups receiving 300 and 900 mg/kg/day of nano-SiO 2 . Bcl-2 gene was up-regulated in the liver and kidney at 600 mg/kg/day compared to the control group. Overexpression of the Bcl-2 gene in the kidney in 300 and 900 mg/kg/day recipient groups was observed (p ≤ 0.05). Histopathological examination demonstrated 600 mg/kg/day hyperemia in the kidney and lung. In addition, at 900 mg/kg/d were distinguished scattered necrosis and hyperemia in the liver. The rate of Epithelialization in the lungs increased. Our study revealed that the oral consumption of nano-SiO 2 can cause respiratory toxicity. The nano-SiO 2 at 300 and 900 mg/kg/day can induce more cytotoxicity in the liver and lung after oral exposure. However, cytotoxicity of nano-SiO 2 at 600 mg/kg/day in the kidney and lung was noticed. Hence, The Using of nano-SiO 2 as an additive and food packaging should be more considered due to their deleterious effects.

Toxic Kidney Damage in Rats Following Subchronic Intraperitoneal Exposure to Element Oxide Nanoparticles

“…The current scientific literature presents several experimental studies on the damaging effect of NPs on the structure and function of the testes and kidneys following exposure through different routes [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 34 ]. Male rodents’ in vitro and in vivo reproductive toxicity caused by different types of inorganic NPs (AgNPs, AuNPs, IONPs, ZnONPs, TiO 2 NPs and NiNPs) was recently evaluated in a systematic review of data published in the last twelve years.…”

“…The toxicity of different NPs depends strongly on their physicochemical characteristics/intrinsic properties [ 34 ]. An oral route for 20 days of NPs of nano-silicon dioxide (nano-SiO 2 ) at a dose of 600 and 900 mg/kg/day was found to induce hyperemia in the kidney [ 21 ]. The study of a silver selenide nanocomposite at a dose of 500 μg/kg revealed swelling of renal convoluted tubules and, as a consequence, the compression of renal glomeruli and the proliferation of connective tissue in the interstitial space of renal tubules, a typical sign of kidney sclerosis [ 22 ].…”

“…It may indicate an increasing glomerular filtration rate. Previously, after exposure to SiO 2 NPs, hyperemia was shown [ 21 ]. It may be associated with an increased glomerular filtration rate and a decrease in serum urea and creatinine, which we observed in our study.…”

“…Understanding the mechanisms of nephrotoxicity of nanoparticles (NPs) can serve as a tool for the early diagnosis of occupational nephropathies, enabling timely treatment and a longer work ability of humans. The current scientific literature presents experimental studies on the damaging effect of NPs on the structure and function of the testes and kidneys following exposure through different routes [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ].…”