In vivo thickness measurement of the lipid layer and the overall tear film by interferometry

Bai, Yuqiang; Nichols, Jason J.

doi:10.1364/ol.44.002410

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In comparison with previous studies on the analysis of interference patterns [8,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18], the new metrics showed slightly lower diagnostic ability and agreement with the subjective classification of LLT. Nevertheless, this method adds the possibility of objectively assessing the LLT without the need of having an interferometer, which might broad the assessment of the lipid layer in clinical practice.…”

Section: Diagnostic Capability and Validation Of The New Metricscontrasting

confidence: 53%

“…The assessment of LLT plays an essential role in DED and MGD because of the relevance of the lipid layer in the TF [1,4]. Existing tests lack objectivity, preciseness, are timeconsuming or are inaccessible for most clinicians due to the need of an interferometer to be performed [8,10,11,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. The present article introduces a new self-developed technique for the non-invasive objective evaluation of the LLT which can be implemented in any Placido disk topograph.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lately, several studies have tried to solve the aforementioned problems by developing algorithms, based on the analysis of the texture, structure or colour of the interference patterns, which objectively assess the LLT [8,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Likewise, other authors have used high-resolution microscopy systems to characterize the LLT [20] or have combined optical coherence tomography with interferometry to develop novel imaging systems [19,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Validation of a new objective method to assess lipid layer thickness without the need of an interferometer

García‐Marqués

Talens‐Estarelles

García‐Lázaro

et al. 2021

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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Purpose This study aimed to develop and validate new metrics to objectively assess the lipid layer thickness (LLT) through the analysis of grey intensity values obtained from the Placido disk pattern reflected onto the tear film. Methods Ocular surface parameters were measured using Oculus Keratograph 5 M in 94 healthy volunteers (43.8 ± 26.8 years). Subjects’ LLT was subjectively classified into 4 groups using an interferometry-based grading scale. New metrics based on the intensity of the Placido disk images were calculated and compared between groups. The repeatability of the new metrics and their diagnostic ability was analysed through receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves. The level of agreement between the new objective tool and the existing subjective classification scale was analysed by means accuracy, weighted Kappa index and F-measure. Results Mean pixel intensity, median pixel intensity and relative energy at 5.33 s after blinking achieved the highest performance, with a correlation with LLT between r = 0.655 and 0.674 (p < 0.001), sensitivity between 0.92 and 0.94, specificity between 0.79 and 0.81, area under the ROC curve between 0.89 and 0.91, accuracy between 0.76 and 0.77, weighted Kappa index of 0.77 and F-measure between 0.86 and 0.87. Conclusion The analysis of grey intensity values in videokeratography can be used as an objective tool to assess LLT. These new metrics could be included in a battery of clinical tests as an easy, repeatable, objective and accessible method to improve the detection and monitoring of dry eye disease and meibomian gland dysfunction.

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Section: Diagnostic Capability and Validation Of The New Metricscontrasting

confidence: 53%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Validation of a new objective method to assess lipid layer thickness without the need of an interferometer

García‐Marqués

Talens‐Estarelles

García‐Lázaro

et al. 2021

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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“…The lipid layer of the human tear film serves as a barrier to retard the evaporation of aqueous tears. 12 , 13 As the thickness dynamics of the tear film (tear film thinning and breakup) are closely related to ocular surface disease, studies of the thickness of the tear film and lipid layer facilitate understanding of dry eye disease. The challenge is to evaluate changes in the lipid layer thickness (LLT) of the tear film after femtosecond SMILE and the effects of SMILE on dry eye syndrome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of lipid layer tear film changes after femtosecond small incision lenticule extraction

Sabti¹,

Zechevikj²,

Raizada³

2022

Ophthalmol Eye Dis

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Background: Dry eye disease is common after refractive procedures due to tear film instability. There are several causative factors for tear film instability, but the state of individual components of the tear film is not assessed much in published literature. This article quantifies the lipid layer thickness (LLT) of the tear film using surface interferometry before and after the small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) refractive procedure. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of femtosecond SMILE on the postoperative stability of the LLT of the tear film. Design: This was a prospective, interventional, non-case–control study. Methods: A total of 160 eyes of 80 patients were enrolled in the study. The follow-up period was 6 months after surgery. A noninvasive surface interferometer was used to measure the thickness of the lipid layer before surgery and was repeated at 3 and 6 months after surgery. The main outcome measure was the change in average LLT at 3 and 6 months after SMILE and its statistical significance. Results: There were 48 women and 32 men. Age ranged from 21 to 42 years (mean = 27 ± 6.4). Mean LLT at baseline was [oculus dextrus (OD) = 53.38 (±7.24) nm; oculus sinister (OS) = 52.21 (±6.95) nm], at 3 months [OD = 54.38 (±5.75) nm; OS = 53.26 (±5.70)], and at 6 months [OD = 53.31 (±5.66) nm; OS = 52.39 (±5.94)]. Mean LLT showed mild improvement at 3 months after surgery (OD = 53.38–54.38 mm, p = 0.0417; OS = 52.21–53.26 mm, p = 0.0398). There was no significant change in LLT from the baseline before surgery to levels 6 months after surgery ( p = 0.8914 OD; p = 0.7368 OS). Conclusion: The SMILE refractive procedure did not alter the LLT that remained stable and adequate at 6 months postoperative follow-up.

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Characterization of the thickness of the Tear Film Lipid Layer in Meibomian Gland Dysfunction using high resolution optical microscopy

et al. 2022

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In vivo thickness measurement of the lipid layer and the overall tear film by interferometry

Cited by 3 publications

References 26 publications

Validation of a new objective method to assess lipid layer thickness without the need of an interferometer

Validation of a new objective method to assess lipid layer thickness without the need of an interferometer

Evaluation of lipid layer tear film changes after femtosecond small incision lenticule extraction

Characterization of the thickness of the Tear Film Lipid Layer in Meibomian Gland Dysfunction using high resolution optical microscopy

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