In vivo tendon tension and bone strain measurement and correlation

Barnes, G.R.G.; Pinder, D. N.

doi:10.1016/0021-9290(74)90068-2

Cited by 90 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…He obtained a peak load of 0.6 kg while the animal was standing and 1.0 kg as it walked. It was suggested that these values were lower than normal as the animal was not putting full weight on the leg, Barnes & Pinder (1974), also wishing to measure tendon tension, attached a buckle transducer to the common digital extensor tendon in a single horse. They published a trace of tension measured in the tendon during four strides.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Method for Recording Tendon Strain in Sheep During Locomotion

Kear

Smith

1975

Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although more than a hundred reports have been published over the last century from experiments in which tendons have been artificially stressed to determine their physical properties, the authors are aware of only two reports of measurements of the mechanical behaviour of these structures during life (Shaw 1968, Barnes & Pinder 1974.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Method for Recording Tendon Strain in Sheep During Locomotion

Kear

Smith

1975

Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica

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“…Reilly (1974) and Burstein et al (1975) showed that bone is a linearly elastic material up to the point where the bone sustains micro-damage, and prior work with in vivo strain gages on bone (Barnes and Pinder, 1974;Turner et al, 1975) indicated that bone is functionally loaded only in this linearly elastic range. Furthermore, McClintock and Argon state (1966:346): "For anisotropic material, the analysis of beams is easiest if it is assumed that the stress distribution is the same as for isotropic material.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Structural strength of the macaque femur

Burr

Piotrowski

Miller

1981

American J Phys Anthropol

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New techniques in bone mechanics, and the demonstration that locomotor function can be interpreted based on patterns of structural strength delineated by these new techniques, lay the foundation for analyses of structural strength in nonhuman primate long bones. The present paper details topographic variability in structural strength of the femoral diaphysis of Macaca as a basis for further quantifying form-function interactions in pronograde primates. The femoral diaphyses of 42 macaques were serially sectioned. These sections were digitized, and coordinate points were submitted to the SCADS computerized stress analysis program. This analysis indicated that the femoral diaphysis of Macaca is better adapted proximally than distally to resist axial loads. The proximal third of the femur is better able to resist bending loads in the posterolateral/anteromedial direction than in the standard planes. The distal femur is geometrically well suited to resist high bending loads, particularly in the mediolateral plane. The elliptical construction of the distal femur is designed to resist high torsional loads as well. When compared with density data on the macaque femoral diaphysis, these data indicate extremely high rigidity in the mediolateral plane. The inverse relationship between density and structural rigidity distally indicates the presence of compensatory mechanisms between structural strength, geometry, and density. Similarities in femoral mechanics in macaques and humans suggest uniformity of stress patterns of the lower extremity locomotion.

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“…Such data are now available for sheep tibia, vertebra, radius and calcaneus (Lanyon and Smith, 1970;Lanyon, 1971Lanyon, , 1973Lanyon and Bourn, 1979), dog radius and ulna (Carter et al, 1980), human tibia (Lanyon et al, 1975), horse tibia, metatarsal, metacarpal, and radius (Turner et al, 1975;Barnes and Pinder, 1974), galago and macaque mandible (Hylander, l977,1979a,b), macaque crania (Behrents et al, 1978), and fish operculum (Lauder and Lanyon, 1980). More normal bone strain data are currently being collected (e.g., Keller and Spengler, 1982;Biewener et al, 1983;Bouvier and Hylander, 1984a).…”

Section: In Vivo Bone Strain Studiesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Application of in vivo bone strain measurement techniques to problems of skeletal adaptations

Bouvier¹

1985

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

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The shape of a bone and its microscopic structure have long been viewed as influenced by genetic and functional factors. Two functional factors of particular significance for the skeleton, weight-bearing and muscle action, affect bone by deforming it slightly. Until recently, it was possible only to hypothesize about normal patterns of deformation (or strain) on bone and how changes in functional factors might influence these strain patterns.With the advent of in vivo bone strain measurement techniques, it is possible to directly observe both normal and abnormal patterns of bone strain. Accumulating evidence from observations of a variety of bone strain patterns has contributed greatly to our understanding of relevant parameters for skeletal adaptations. Among strain parameters currently under investigation are peak bone strains, strain rates, number of strain cycles, and bone strain distributions.Results of in vivo bone strain studies have shown that all of the above parameters most likely exert some influence on bone. For example, strain distribution and/or peak strain may be a critical osteogenic signal, while number of strain cycles may provide a critical remodeling stimulus. In addition, some popular concepts of skeletal adaptations to mechanical stresses are currently being challenged. For example, the idea that bone represents a minimum amount of material arranged with maximum efficiency may no longer be tenable since, in some cases, bones seem to be arranged in a fashion that tends to increase rather than decrease bone strain levels.Recognition of local mechanical conditions as a factor in bone growth and remodeling dates back at least to Galileo, who believed that bone form was closely related to its mechanical role in supporting the body (Evans, 1957). Major theoretical advances on the relationship between mechanical stress and bone form, however, did not occur until the 19th century. For example, during the mid-1800s it was suggested that the trabecular arrangement of cancellous bone was ideally suited to withstand compressive and tensile forces (Murray, 1936). This theory, called the trajectorial theory of bone architecture, met with some resistance in the scientific community, particularly from Triepel(1904), who strenuously objected on the following bases: (1) bone trabeculae do not intersect at right angles as in Fairbairn cranes; (2) bone, unlike metal, is not a homogeneous material; and (3) stresses in living bones are extremely complex and had been inadequately represented by proponents of the trajectorial theory.In spite of opposition, this theory held great appeal for bone biologists of the period (e.g., Gebhardt, 1905; Benninghoff, 1925). At this time, the trajectorial theory was extended to include the internal architecture of bone with the course of osteons believed to represent continuation of stress trajectories into cortical bone. A new technique, called split-lines, was developed to demonstrate these internal trajecto-0 1985 Alan R. Liss, Inc.

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In vivo tendon tension and bone strain measurement and correlation

Cited by 90 publications

References 11 publications

A Method for Recording Tendon Strain in Sheep During Locomotion

A Method for Recording Tendon Strain in Sheep During Locomotion

Structural strength of the macaque femur

Application of in vivo bone strain measurement techniques to problems of skeletal adaptations

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