In Vivo Study of Nasal Bone Reconstruction with Collagen, Elastin and Chitosan Membranes in Abstainer and Alcoholic Rats

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the use of collagen, elastin, or chitosan biomaterial for bone reconstruction in rats submitted or not to experimental alcoholism. Wistar male rats were divided into eight groups, submitted to chronic alcohol ingestion (G5 to G8) or not (G1 to G4). Nasal bone defects were filled with clot in animals of G1 and G5 and with collagen, elastin, and chitosan grafts in G2/G6, G3/G7, and G4/G8, respectively. Six weeks after, all specimens underwent radiographic, tomographic, and microscopic evaluations. Bone mineral density was lower in the defect area in alcoholic animals compared to the abstainer animals. Bone neoformation was greater in the abstainer groups receiving the elastin membrane and in abstainer and alcoholic rats receiving the chitosan membrane (15.78 ± 1.19, 27.81 ± 0.91, 47.29 ± 0.97, 42.69 ± 1.52, 13.81 ± 1.60, 18.59 ± 1.37, 16.54 ± 0.89, and 37.06 ± 1.17 in G1 to G8, respectively). In conclusion, osteogenesis and bone density were more expressive after the application of the elastin matrix in abstainer animals and of the chitosan matrix in both abstainer and alcoholic animals. Chronic alcohol ingestion resulted in lower bone formation and greater formation of fibrous connective tissue.

Biological Behavior of Xenogenic Scaffolds in Alcohol-Induced Rats: Histomorphometric and Picrosirius Red Staining Analysis

“…Despite all the analysis carried out in this study, we can consider as a limitation the failure to perform an immunohistochemical analysis, which would favor the understanding of bone formation. Furthermore, it could be associated with metabolic dysfunction with alcohol consumption and its influence on the bone repair process [51,52]. There is a need for further studies as the number of patients who receive orthopedic and dental procedures, and who chronically use alcoholic beverages, has increased considerably.…”

Progress in Research of Chitosan Chemical Modification Technologies and Their Applications

“…Inappropriate wound treatment can cause serious complications and loss of function. CS and its derivatives demonstrate excellent properties, such as biocompatibility, osteoconduction, and a porous structure, and it promotes cell growth, hemostasis, broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, and tissue adhesion, which can be used as a wound healing accelerant [ 133 , 134 , 135 ] and are widely prepared into different forms of anticoagulant materials such as sponges, hydrogels, particles, bandages, and dressings [ 136 , 137 , 138 ]. When acting on the wound, these CS sponges, dressings, or particles can combine with tissue fluid exuded from injured skin to form a CS hydrogel, thereby promoting healing.…”

“…For example, in the early stage of the healing phase, CS can exert its hemostatic effect, which promotes the infiltration and migration of neutrophils and macrophages [ 139 ], thereby promoting the formation of granulation tissue. For example, Pandini et al [ 134 ] prepared chitosan film biomaterials, and then filled them in the experimental defect nasal bones of long-term alcoholic and non-alcoholic rats, respectively, and found that chitosan film caused alcoholism. Mice and hangover rats have good biocompatibility and can promote the proliferation of osteoblasts in the damaged nasal bone of rats, and achieve the effect of promoting osteogenesis.…”

Graphene Oxide–Protein-Based Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering: Recent Advances and Applications

“…Synthetic polymers such as polylactic acid (PLA) [4], polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) [5], poly (lactic-co-glycolic) (PLGA) [6], and poly ε-caprolactone (PCL) [7] have been used for the preparation of 3D scaffolds due to their easily adjustable porosity, mechanical performance, and degradation time. With their higher biocompatibility, natural polymers such as gelatin [8], collagen [9], chitosan [10], alginate [11], elastin [12], and fibrin [13] have attracted researchers' attention for the preparation of 3D scaffolds that faithfully replicate the native tissue vasculature and channel interconnections that allow the perfusion of nutrients and oxygen diffusion during regeneration. Moreover, the degradation kinetics can be coordinated with the regenerative effects in order to drive the reformation of scarless tissue, reducing the necessity for secondary surgical procedures to eradicate any degenerated scaffold [14].…”