In vivo Staining of the Kidney with Alcian Blue: An Adjunct to Morphological and Physiological Studies

Bankir, Lise; Hollenberg, Norman K.

doi:10.1159/000172894

Cited by 16 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…9,20 -22 Alcian blue is superior to india ink to stain glomeruli. 20,22 Six-to 9-month-old rats received an intra-arterial infusion of 0.2 mL per 100 g body weight of 5% alcian blue (Aldrich Chemical Company) in normal saline over a period of 1 minute, using a femoral arterial catheter placed above the renal arteries after measurement of glomerular filtration rate. A second 0.2 mL per 100 g body weight bolus of alcian blue was then administered 5 to 7 minutes after the first infusion.…”

Section: Glomerular Numbermentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal Dexamethasone Programs Hypertension and Renal Injury in the Rat

et al. 2003

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Abstract-Dexamethasone is frequently administered to the developing fetus to accelerate pulmonary development. The purpose of the present study was to determine if prenatal dexamethasone programmed a progressive increase in blood pressure and renal injury in rats. Pregnant rats were given either vehicle or 2 daily intraperitoneal injections of dexamethasone (0.2 mg/kg body weight) on gestational days 11 and 12, 13 and 14, 15 and 16, 17 and 18, or 19 and 20. Offspring of rats administered dexamethasone on days 15 and 16 gestation had a 20% reduction in glomerular number compared with control at 6 to 9 months of age (22 527Ϯ509 versus 28 050Ϯ561, PϽ0.05), which was comparable to the percent reduction in glomeruli measured at 3 weeks of age. Six-to 9-month old rats receiving prenatal dexamethasone on days 17 and 18 of gestation had a 17% reduction in glomeruli (23 380Ϯ587) compared with control rats (PϽ0.05). Male rats that received prenatal dexamethasone on days 15 and 16, 17 and 18, and 13 and 14 of gestation had elevated blood pressures at 6 months of age; the latter group did not have a reduction in glomerular number. Adult rats given dexamethasone on days 15 and 16 of gestation had more glomeruli with glomerulosclerosis than control rats. This study shows that prenatal dexamethasone in rats results in a reduction in glomerular number, glomerulosclerosis, and hypertension when administered at specific points during gestation. Hypertension was observed in animals that had a reduction in glomeruli as well as in a group that did not have a reduction in glomerular number, suggesting that a reduction in glomerular number is not the sole cause for the development of hypertension. Key Words: glucocorticoids Ⅲ hypertension, gestational Ⅲ glomerular filtration rate Ⅲ kidney G lucocorticoids are often administered to pregnant women to accelerate fetal pulmonary maturation and prevent respiratory distress syndrome. 1-4 However, there is evidence that prenatal administration of steroids may have adverse effects on the developing fetus with consequences in later life. 5-9 Daily administration of prednisone, used as a treatment for infertility in humans, resulted in infants that are small for gestational age. 5 Similar findings have been demonstrated in rodents. [5][6][7] Administration of dexamethasone to pregnant rats produces adverse effects on the developing kidney. 6,7,9 Rats born to pregnant animals that received daily dexamethasone throughout gestation had a 50% reduction in the number of nephrons and a 30% reduction in glomerular filtration rate when they were studied at 60 days of age. 7 Rats exposed to daily steroids during development also had significant hypertension at 2 months of age. 6,7 Similarly, offspring of ewes given prenatal glucocorticoids have hypertension as adults. 10 -14 However, rats that were the product of mothers receiving daily steroids had severe intrauterine growth retardation, which is also a predisposing factor for the development of hypertension and renal disease in later life. [15][16]...

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Section: Glomerular Numbermentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal Dexamethasone Programs Hypertension and Renal Injury in the Rat

et al. 2003

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“…In earlier experiments in the series, the rats were anaesthetised by intraperitoneal injection of 40 mg/100 g body weight pentobarbitone sodium (Nembutal, Abbott), tracheotomised and the left femoral vein cannulated. Alcian blue was then infused to stain the glomeruli in vivo, as described elsewhere [17]. After 20-30 min, the animal was sacrificed by injection of an overdose of the anaesthetic.…”

Section: Kidney Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood Pressure and Indices of Glomerular Filtration Area in Hypertensive and Normotensive Prague Rats

Hellmann

Davis

Thurau

2000

Kidney Blood Press Res

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The involvement of the kidney in the pathogenesis of hypertension has long been recognised, although the specific renal mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are still unknown. A current hypothesis attributes hypertension to a reduction in glomerular filtration area by glomerular loss. The present study analyses the relationship between glomerular number and volume and conscious systolic blood pressure (SBP) in 4- to 53-week-old hypertensive (PHR) and normotensive (PNR) rats of the Prague strain. Adult PHRs had higher SBP, were larger and had larger kidneys than PNRs, but 20% fewer glomeruli. A significant negative correlation between SBP and glomerular number was found in PHR males, but not in PHR females or PNRs. There was no correlation at all between glomerular volume and SBP and, in young animals, both SBP and glomerular number were higher in PHRs than in PNRs. In addition, in adult PHRs, glomerular volume and SBP were higher in males than in females. In summary, a generally valid, causal relationship linking raised blood pressure to decreased glomerular number or volume could not be demonstrated in the Prague rat model of genetically determined hypertension. The nature of the renal mechanism(s) determining the hypertension in this model remains unknown.

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“…The present study had two objectives: 1) to measure the total number and size distribution of glomeruli in pullet kidneys using an India ink capillary staining technique adapted from procedures described by Rytand (1938), Damadian et al (1965), and Renkin et al (1981); and 2) to compare the India ink data to data obtained with an in vivo alcian blue infusion technique (Bankir and Hollenberg, 1983). The present report provides detailed protocols for using these techniques to obtain glomerular size and frequency distributions for domestic fowl.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Two Techniques for Determining Glomerular Size Distributions in Domestic Fowl

et al. 1985

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Nephrons in the avian kidney have an extremely heterogeneous size distribution. The shortest nephrons have very small glomeruli, and the larger nephrons have very large glomeruli. Physiological, nutritional, and disease factors may be correlated with the functioning of different sized nephrons. The present study was conducted to compare two techniques for measuring glomerular size distributions. A postmortem India ink infusion technique gave results that were highly comparable to an in vivo alcian blue infusion technique. Single Comb White Leghorn pullets were found to have approximately 270,000 glomeruli per kidney; glomerular circumferences and diameters ranged between .07 to .42 mm and .02 to.14 mm, respectively. A unimodal size distribution was found, with most glomeruli falling within the circumference range of .15 to .26 mm. The alcian blue technique should provide a quantitative in vivo method for evaluating selective tubular damage or physiological glomerular intermittency.

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In vivo Staining of the Kidney with Alcian Blue: An Adjunct to Morphological and Physiological Studies

Cited by 16 publications

References 15 publications

Prenatal Dexamethasone Programs Hypertension and Renal Injury in the Rat

Prenatal Dexamethasone Programs Hypertension and Renal Injury in the Rat

Blood Pressure and Indices of Glomerular Filtration Area in Hypertensive and Normotensive Prague Rats

A Comparison of Two Techniques for Determining Glomerular Size Distributions in Domestic Fowl

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