In Vivo Stable Allogenic Cartilage Regeneration in a Goat Model Based on Immunoisolation Strategy Using Electrospun Semipermeable Membranes

Abstract

Tissue engineering is a promising strategy for cartilage defect repair. However, autologous cartilage regeneration is limited by additional trauma to the donor site and a long in vitro culture period. Alternatively, allogenic cartilage regeneration has attracted attention because of the unique advantages of an abundant donor source and immediate supply, but it will cause immune rejection responses (IRRs), especially in immunocompetent large animals. Therefore, a universal technique needs to be established to overcome IRRs for allogenic cartilage regeneration in large animals. In the current study, a hybrid synthetic-natural electrospun thermoplastic polyurethane/gelatin (TPU/GT) semipermeable membrane to explore the feasibility of stable allogenic cartilage regeneration by an immunoisolation strategy is developed. In vitro results demonstrated that the rationally designed electrospun TPU/GT membranes has ideal biocompatibility, semipermeability, and an immunoisolation function. In vivo results further showed that the semipermeable membrane (SPM) efficiently blocked immune cell attack, decreased immune factor production, and cell apoptosis of the regenerated allogenic cartilage. Importantly, TPU/GT-encapsulated cartilage-sheet constructs achieved stable allogeneic cartilage regeneration in a goat model. The current study provides a novel strategy for allogenic cartilage regeneration and supplies a new cartilage donor source to repair various cartilage defects.

Advanced gene nanocarriers/scaffolds in nonviral-mediated delivery system for tissue regeneration and repair

“…Nevertheless, these processes are usually accompanied by surgical trauma and poor long-term efficacy. Besides, the limited availability of donor sites and immune rejection may also restrict the broad application of gene therapy in cartilage regeneration [ 189 ]. Therefore, new comprehensive cartilage repair strategies are urgently needed based on efficient gene delivery and therapy.…”

In Situ Growth of Functional Hydrogel Coatings by a Reactive Polyurethane for Biomedical Devices

“…Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) is one of the most popular biomedical polymer materials that has been widely applied in medical fields, including implantable medical supplies, , membrane products, , and various catheter products, , due to its excellent biostability, biocompatibility, and processing characteristics. − In particular, it is utilized for intravenous access or drug delivery in central venous catheters (CVCs). , However, common TPU-based catheters have caused intubation-related complications in intraoperative management and anesthesiology, such as tissue trauma, postoperative pain, thrombosis, and infections. − Such risk is typically attributed to a severe mismatch in the tribological and mechanical performance between the catheters and the soft tissues, including (i) hydrophobic, dry, and rigid surfaces lacking the capability of biological lubrication while contacting the wet tissues; , (ii) elastic moduli (Young’s modulus of 10–1800 MPa) being significantly higher than that of soft tissues (Young’s modulus of 1–100 kPa); , (iii) a lack of specific functions like being antibacterial and nonfouling. To address these issues, surface modification and functionalization are straightforward yet challenging resolutions for clinical needs.…”

“…Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) is one of the most popular biomedical polymer materials that has been widely applied in medical fields, including implantable medical supplies, 1,2 membrane products, 3,4 and various catheter products, 5,6 due to its excellent biostability, biocompatibility, and processing characteristics. 7−11 In particular, it is utilized for intravenous access or drug delivery in central venous catheters (CVCs).…”

“… 4. Hydroxybenzophenone (AR), dibutyltin dilaurate (97%, DBTDL), sodium chloride (NaCl, AR), sodium sulfate (Na 2 SO 4 , AR), and butane-1,4-dio (BDO, AR) were purchased from Aladdin Reagent Limited Corporation (Shanghai, China).Triethylamine (AR), dichloromethane (CH 2 Cl 2 , AR), and petroleum ether (AR, boiling point: 30−60 °C) were supplied by Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. Ethanol (CH 3 CH 2 OH, AR) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3 , AR) were purchased from Linfeng Chemical Some other uncommercial monomers were synthesized and characterized in the Supporting Information.…”

Scattering correction for samples with cylindrical domains measured with polarized infrared spectroscopy

“…A second important geometry for analysis, that is gaining attention, are samples with cylindrical domains [23]- [25]. From collagen fibers in tissues, hair to microfibers, the cylindrical shape will distort the analytical IR signal.…”