In Vivo Safety of New Coating for Biodegradable Magnesium Implants

Abstract

Biodegradable Magnesium (Mg) implants are promising alternatives to permanent metallic prosthesis. To improve the biocompatibility and with the aim of degradation control, we provided Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) of pure Mg implant in silicate-based solution with NaOH (S1 250 V) and Ca(OH)2 (S2 300 V). Despite the well-structured surface, S1 250 V implants induced enormous innate immunity reaction with the prevalence of neutrophils (MPO+) and M1-macrophages (CD68+), causing secondary alteration and massive necrosis in the peri-implant area in a week. This reaction was also accompanied by systemic changes in visceral organs affecting animals’ survival after seven days of the experiment. In contrast, S2 300 V implantation was associated with focal lymphohistiocytic infiltration and granulation tissue formation, defining a more favorable outcome. This reaction was associated with the prevalence of M2-macrophages (CD163+) and high density of αSMA+ myofibroblasts, implying a resolution of inflammation and effective tissue repair at the site of the implantation. At 30 days, no remnants of S2 300 V implants were found, suggesting complete resorption with minor histological changes in peri-implant tissues. In conclusion, Ca(OH)2-contained silicate-based solution allows generating biocompatible coating reducing toxicity and immunogenicity with appropriate degradation properties that make it a promising candidate for medical applications.

Effect of Extrusion on Mechanical Property, Corrosion Behavior, and In Vitro Biocompatibility of the As-Cast Mg-Zn-Y-Sr Alloy

“…The O 1s peak at 531.1 eV corresponds to OH − , and the other peak at 532.4 eV is attributed to CO 3 2− [54]. Ca 2p is detected as double peaks at 347.4 eV and 351 eV, which correspond to Ca-PO 4 3− and Ca-CO 3 2− , respectively [55]. The P 2p peak can be resolved into the PO 4…”

“…Metals, polymers, composites, and ceramics are the most common materials used for biomedical implants [ 1 , 2 ]. Among these, Magnesium (Mg) metal has received increasing attention given its degradability, excellent biocompatibility, and mechanical compatibility (e.g., elastic modulus and density close to those of the human bone) [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. However, insufficient mechanical properties [ 6 ] and a fast corrosion rate [ 7 ] (especially in electrolytes containing chloride ions [ 8 ]) limit its clinical application.…”

3D and 4D printing of biomedical materials: current trends, challenges, and future outlook

“…Due to transparency towards X-rays, Mg-based implants do not interfere with radiographic techniques, allowing efficient monitoring of the implant. Further, Mg-based implants do not need to be surgically removed, preventing risks associated with additional surgical procedures [106,107]. Despite these beneficial properties, Mg-based implants are also associated with unfavorable characteristics, such as granular tissue formation around implants and rapid degradation of the implant before the bone heals, preventing their wide applicability.…”