In Vivo Rearing and Development of Wohlfahrtia magnifica (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)

Cruz, M. D. Soler; Robles, M.C. Vega; Thomas, G.

doi:10.1093/jmedent/33.4.586

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The stable fly, S. calcitrans, was obtained as pupae from the Novartis Centre de Recherche Sante Animale, Switzerland. The flesh fly, W. magnifica, was reared at the University of Granada, Spain, and sent to the Netherlands as pupae (Soler Cruz et al, 1996). The sheep head fly, Hy.…”

Section: Insectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of volatile semiochemicals in mediating host location and selection by nuisance and disease‐transmitting cattle flies

Birkett

Agelopoulos

Jensen

et al. 2004

Medical Vet Entomology

131

119

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The role of volatile semiochemicals in mediating the location and selection within herds of Holstein-Friesian heifers by nuisance and disease-transmitting cattle flies was investigated using coupled gas chromatography-electrophysiology (GC-EAG), coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), electrophysiology (EAG), laboratory behaviour and field studies. Using volatile extracts collected by air entrainment from heifers in the Netherlands, a number of active peaks were located by coupled GC-EAG for Musca autumnalis (de Geer) (Diptera: Muscidae) and Haematobia irritans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae). Volatile samples were also collected from two heifers in Denmark shown in previous counting experiments to differ significantly in their fly loads. Coupled GC-EAG using Ha. irritans antennae revealed differences in the EAG response to the samples, with additional EAG activity in the sample collected from the heifer with the lower fly load. To identify more EAG active compounds, volatiles were also collected from 48-h-old urine by air entrainment. In total, 23 compounds were located and identified by coupled GC-EAG and GC-MS. Further electrophysiological testing of these compounds with five fly species [M. autumnalis, Ha. irritans, Hydrotaea irritans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae), Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Musicidae) and Wohlfahrtia magnifica (Schiner) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)] showed that only some of the compounds were physiologically active across the range of flies tested. These included 1-octen-3-ol, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, naphthalene, and all EAG active compounds identified from urine. Compounds showing significant EAG activity were tested for behavioural activity using a wind-tunnel designed for measuring upwind flight behaviour. At certain concentrations, 1-octen-3-ol, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one and 3-octanol increased upwind flight, whereas naphthalene, propyl butanoate and linalool reduced upwind flight. In field studies using small herds of heifers ranked according to their fly load, individual slow-release formulations of 1-octen-3-ol and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, when applied to low and high fly loading heifers, reduced fly loads on these individuals. This study provides evidence for the hypothesis that the natural differential attractiveness within herds of Holstein-Freisian heifers, i.e. a single host species, for cattle flies is partly due to differences in volatile semiochemicals emitted from the host. It is suggested that this phenomenon applies to other vertebrate host species and their associated insect pests.

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Section: Insectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of volatile semiochemicals in mediating host location and selection by nuisance and disease‐transmitting cattle flies

Birkett

Agelopoulos

Jensen

et al. 2004

Medical Vet Entomology

131

119

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“…It was observed that larvae that originated from a single gravid female did not necessarily develop at the same rate in the same diet -a range of sizes was seen. Third stage larvae Cruz et al, 1996). yLarvae deposited by females were not counted during the larval development.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whatever factors were involved, the result was that from the second stage the larvae developed more slowly and to a smaller final size in the diets than in living tissues. Thus, larval development took longer in the diets (8-11 days) than in live hosts, where the larvae can complete their development within 4-8 days (Portschinsky, 1916;Hadani et al, , 19, 22-26 1971;Ruiz Martinez et al, 1992;Soler Cruz et al, 1996). In addition, the mean weights of puparia from diets (38.7-59.3 mg, Table 2) was much lower than that from naturally infested animals (92.2 mg AE 24.8 SD), indicating that the majority of diet-fed larvae had not grown to their full potential when they pupariated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some attempts at this have been made. It was relatively easy to rear in vivo, when larvae were developed in experimentally wounded animals (Ternovoy, 1978;Ruiz Martinez et al, 1992;Soler Cruz et al, 1996). However, this method is not practical, convenient or ethically acceptable for long-term studies, because of the use of live animals and animal welfare issues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vitro rearing of the screwworm fly Wohlfahrtia magnifica

Farkas

Hell

Hall

et al. 2005

Medical Vet Entomology

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Wohlfahrtia magnifica (Schiner) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) is the main agent of traumatic myiasis in many European, African and Asian countries. Although it can be reared in vivo without technical difficulty, such rearing presents ethical problems. Studies were therefore made of in vitro rearing to facilitate development of laboratory colonies that could be used in a wide range of biological, physiological and applied studies of W. magnifica, particularly in the long period of the year when natural populations of the fly are unavailable for study. Parental colonies of W. magnifica were established from larvae collected from natural infestations of sheep and cattle in central Hungary. First stage larvae were harvested from gravid females and were reared in groups of 5-20 on one of six artificial diets. The diets were based on various combinations of five to seven of eight ingredients: water, agar, blood (heparinized or dried), ground meat, egg yolk, low-fat milk powder, yeast and 10% formol. The larvae were incubated on the diets at 37 degrees C. There was no mortality of first stage larvae, which appeared to feed together in foci, in a natural manner. However, during the second stage, and especially after renewal of diet associated with disturbance of the larvae, many larvae began to disperse, crawling over the surface of the media and feeding less intensively. Mortality of larvae during all larval stadia was 64-98%, compared to 33% in batches of third stage larvae collected from natural infestations. The mean weights of puparia from artificial diets ranged from 38.7 to 59.3 mg, compared to 92.2 mg of puparia from larvae collected from natural infestations. There was a high mortality in the pupal stage, from 61 to 100%. Only a maximum of 6% of first stage larvae were successfully reared to the adult stage. Further studies are needed to identify factors present or absent in the diets that contributed to the present poor development of W. magnifica in vitro.

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“…Until today, most research on W. magnifica has focused on epidemiological studies (Ruiz Martínez et al, 1993), morphological observations (Li et al, 2020; Szpila et al, 2014; Yasuda, 1940), and investigation of life history (Cruz et al, 1996), while little is known about the host's immune response, parasite–host interaction, or regulatory mechanisms on the level of molecular biology. A high‐quality genome is a fundamental resource for understanding many aspects of the developmental and reproductive biology, physiology and biochemistry as well as complex pathogenic mechanisms of W. magnifica or for developing novel control methods preventing fly invasion to livestock.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic insights into evolution and control of Wohlfahrtia magnifica, a widely distributed myiasis‐causing fly of warm‐blooded vertebrates

Jia

Hasi²,

Vogl

et al. 2022

Molecular Ecology Resources

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Wohlfahrtia magnifica is a pest fly species, invading livestock in many European, African and Asian countries, and causing heavy agroeconomic losses. In the life cycle of this obligatory parasite, adult flies infect the host by depositing the first‐stage larvae into body cavities or open wounds. The feeding larvae cause severe (skin) tissue damage and potentially fatal infections if untreated. Despite serious health detriments and agroeconomic concerns, genomic resources for understanding the biology of W. magnifica have so far been lacking. Here, we present a complete genome assembly from a single adult female W. magnifica using a Low‐DNA Input workflow for PacBio HiFi library preparation. The de novo assembled genome is 753.99 Mb in length, with a scaffold N50 of 5.00 Mb, consisting of 16,718 predicted protein‐encoding genes. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that W. magnifica has the closest phylogenetic relationship to Sarcophaga bullata followed by Lucilia cuprina. Evolutionary analysis of gene families showed expansions of 173 gene families in W. magnifica that were enriched for gene ontology (GO) categories related to immunity, insecticide‐resistance mechanisms, heat stress response and cuticle development. In addition, 45 positively selected genes displaying various functions were identified. This new genomic resource contributes to the evolutionary and comparative analysis of dipterous flies and an in‐depth understanding of many aspects of W. magnifica biology. Furthermore, it will facilitate the development of novel tools for controlling W. magnifica infection in livestock.

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In Vivo Rearing and Development of Wohlfahrtia magnifica (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

The role of volatile semiochemicals in mediating host location and selection by nuisance and disease‐transmitting cattle flies

The role of volatile semiochemicals in mediating host location and selection by nuisance and disease‐transmitting cattle flies

In vitro rearing of the screwworm fly Wohlfahrtia magnifica

Genomic insights into evolution and control of Wohlfahrtia magnifica, a widely distributed myiasis‐causing fly of warm‐blooded vertebrates

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