In vivo quantification of programmed death-ligand-1 expression heterogeneity in tumors using fluorescence lifetime imaging
Anand Kumar,
Rahul Pal,
Murali Krishnamoorthy
et al.
Abstract:Cancer patient selection for immunotherapy is often based on programmed death-ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression as a biomarker. PD-L1 expression is currently quantified using immunohistochemistry, which can only provide snapshots of PD-L1 expression status in microscopic regions of ex vivo specimens. In vivo imaging using targeted agents can capture dynamic variations of PD-L1 expression in entire tumors within and across multiple subjects. Towards this goal, several PD-L1 targeted molecular imaging probes have been… Show more
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