In-vivo production of branched-chain amino acids, branched-chain keto acids, and β-hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid

Have, Gabriella A.M. Ten; Engelen, M.P.; Deutz, Nicolaas E. P.

doi:10.1097/mco.0000000000000800

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 34 publications

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“…The leucine/KIC approach (reciprocal model) ( 6 ) is often used to better estimate the total PB by assuming that the plasma KIC enrichment represents better the whole-body intracellular enrichment of leucine than the plasma leucine enrichment, as the conversion of leucine to KIC mainly takes place in muscle ( 14 ). PB measured with the KIC plasma enrichment is 1.3 times higher than when using the leucine plasma enrichment ( 15 ).…”

Section: Protein Turnover Measurement In the Post-absorptive Statementioning

confidence: 99%

Compartmental analysis: a new approach to estimate protein breakdown and meal response in health and critical illness

Deutz,

Engelen

2024

Front. Nutr.

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Purpose of reviewThis study aimed to discuss the use of the pulse stable isotope tracer approach to study changes in metabolism in healthy individuals and critically ill patients.Recent findings and conclusionWe found that in the postabsorptive state and healthy condition, intracellular protein breakdown and net intracellular protein breakdown, when calculated using the pulse tracer approach, are about double what has previously been reported using the more traditional primed-constant and continuous stable isotope approaches (600 versus 300 grams of protein/day). In critically ill patients, protein breakdown is even higher and calculated to be approximately 900 grams of protein/day, using the pulse tracer approach. Based on these data, we hypothesize that reducing protein breakdown in the postabsorptive state is key when trying to improve the condition of critically ill patients. Moreover, we also used the pulse tracer approach during feeding to better estimate the intracellular metabolic response to feeding. Our first observation is that endogenous protein breakdown does not seem to be reduced during feeding. We also have shown that when consuming a meal with a certain amount of protein, the biological value of that protein meal can be calculated with the pulse tracer approach. In conclusion, using the pulse stable isotope tracer approach to study protein kinetics in the postabsorptive state and during feeding expands our understanding of how dietary proteins can affect human protein metabolism. The intracellular protein synthesis stimulatory effect of a meal is an important factor to consider when calculating the exact protein requirements and needs, particularly in critical illness.

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Section: Protein Turnover Measurement In the Post-absorptive Statementioning

confidence: 99%

Compartmental analysis: a new approach to estimate protein breakdown and meal response in health and critical illness

Deutz,

Engelen

2024

Front. Nutr.

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Systematic analysis of relationships between plasma branched-chain amino acid concentrations and cardiometabolic parameters: an association and Mendelian randomization study

Doestzada

Zhernakova

Munckhof

et al. 2022

BMC Med

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Background Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs; valine, leucine, and isoleucine) are essential amino acids that are associated with an increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases (CMD). However, there are still only limited insights into potential direct associations between BCAAs and a wide range of CMD parameters, especially those remaining after correcting for covariates and underlying causal relationships. Methods To shed light on these relationships, we systematically characterized the associations between plasma BCAA concentrations and a large panel of 537 CMD parameters (including atherosclerosis-related parameters, fat distribution, plasma cytokine concentrations and cell counts, circulating concentrations of cardiovascular-related proteins and plasma metabolites) in 1400 individuals from the Dutch population cohort LifeLines DEEP and 294 overweight individuals from the 300OB cohort. After correcting for age, sex, and BMI, we assessed associations between individual BCAAs and CMD parameters. We further assessed the underlying causality using Mendelian randomization. Results A total of 838 significant associations were detected for 409 CMD parameters. BCAAs showed both common and specific associations, with the most specific associations being detected for isoleucine. Further, we found that obesity status substantially affected the strength and direction of associations for valine, which cannot be corrected for using BMI as a covariate. Subsequent univariable Mendelian randomization (UVMR), after removing BMI-associated SNPs, identified seven significant causal relationships from four CMD traits to BCAA levels, mostly for diabetes-related parameters. However, no causal effects of BCAAs on CMD parameters were supported. Conclusions Our cross-sectional association study reports a large number of associations between BCAAs and CMD parameters. Our results highlight some specific associations for isoleucine, as well as obesity-specific effects for valine. MR-based causality analysis suggests that altered BCAA levels can be a consequence of diabetes and alteration in lipid metabolism. We found no MR evidence to support a causal role for BCAAs in CMD. These findings provide evidence to (re)evaluate the clinical importance of individual BCAAs in CMD diagnosis, prevention, and treatment.

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In-vivo production of branched-chain amino acids, branched-chain keto acids, and β-hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid

Cited by 2 publications

References 34 publications

Compartmental analysis: a new approach to estimate protein breakdown and meal response in health and critical illness

Compartmental analysis: a new approach to estimate protein breakdown and meal response in health and critical illness

Systematic analysis of relationships between plasma branched-chain amino acid concentrations and cardiometabolic parameters: an association and Mendelian randomization study

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