In vivo polymerization of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) in rodent cerebral cortex

Wilks, Seth J.; Woolley, Andrew J.; Ouyang, Liangqi; Martin, David C.; Otto, Kevin J.

doi:10.1109/iembs.2011.6091338

Cited by 29 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In spite of the promising results, little in vivo evidence has been presented to support the chronic stability and the benefit of applying CPs to neural interfacing electrodes. (Wilks et al, 2011) polymerized PEDOT in vivo within the rodent cerebral cortex, creating a direct CP interface with the neuronal tissue. In this work (Wilks et al, 2011) reported lowered impedance values, improved recording quality of local field potentials, and a tight cloud of PEDOT penetrating into the tissue surrounding the electrode.…”

Section: Coatings For Neural Interfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Wilks et al, 2011) polymerized PEDOT in vivo within the rodent cerebral cortex, creating a direct CP interface with the neuronal tissue. In this work (Wilks et al, 2011) reported lowered impedance values, improved recording quality of local field potentials, and a tight cloud of PEDOT penetrating into the tissue surrounding the electrode. (Cui et al, 2003) were able to efficiently record neuronal activity for 2 weeks by implanting gold electrodes coated with PPy in guinea pigs cerebral cortex.…”

Section: Coatings For Neural Interfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Organic electrode coatings for next-generation neural interfaces

et al. 2014

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Traditional neuronal interfaces utilize metallic electrodes which in recent years have reached a plateau in terms of the ability to provide safe stimulation at high resolution or rather with high densities of microelectrodes with improved spatial selectivity. To achieve higher resolution it has become clear that reducing the size of electrodes is required to enable higher electrode counts from the implant device. The limitations of interfacing electrodes including low charge injection limits, mechanical mismatch and foreign body response can be addressed through the use of organic electrode coatings which typically provide a softer, more roughened surface to enable both improved charge transfer and lower mechanical mismatch with neural tissue. Coating electrodes with conductive polymers or carbon nanotubes offers a substantial increase in charge transfer area compared to conventional platinum electrodes. These organic conductors provide safe electrical stimulation of tissue while avoiding undesirable chemical reactions and cell damage. However, the mechanical properties of conductive polymers are not ideal, as they are quite brittle. Hydrogel polymers present a versatile coating option for electrodes as they can be chemically modified to provide a soft and conductive scaffold. However, the in vivo chronic inflammatory response of these conductive hydrogels remains unknown. A more recent approach proposes tissue engineering the electrode interface through the use of encapsulated neurons within hydrogel coatings. This approach may provide a method for activating tissue at the cellular scale, however, several technological challenges must be addressed to demonstrate feasibility of this innovative idea. The review focuses on the various organic coatings which have been investigated to improve neural interface electrodes.

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Section: Coatings For Neural Interfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Coatings For Neural Interfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic electrode coatings for next-generation neural interfaces

et al. 2014

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“…[4][5][6][7] These conjugated polymeric materials can play an important role in bridging between neurons and electrodes due to their high electronic and ionic conductivity. Among the currently available conjugated polymers, poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) has received considerable interest because of its low oxidation potential, relatively high chemical and thermal stability, and high conductivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significant Enhancement of PEDOT Thin Film Adhesion to Inorganic Solid Substrates with EDOT-Acid

Wei

Liu

Ouyang

et al. 2015

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

102

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With its high conductivity, tunable surface morphology, relatively soft mechanical response, high chemical stability, and excellent biocompatibility, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) has become a promising coating material for a variety of electronic biomedical devices. However, the relatively poor adhesion of PEDOT to inorganic metallic and semiconducting substrates still poses challenges for long-term applications. Here, we report that 2,3-dihydrothieno(3,4-b)(1,4)dioxine-2-carboxylic acid (EDOT-acid) significantly improves the adhesion between PEDOT thin films and inorganic solid electrodes. EDOT-acid molecules were chemically bonded onto activated oxide substrates via the chemisorption of the carboxylic groups. PEDOT was then polymerized onto the EDOT-acid modified substrates, forming covalently bonded coatings. The adsorption of EDOT-acid onto the electrode surfaces was characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), contact angle measurements, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The electrical properties of the subsequently coated PEDOT films were studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and CV. An aggressive ultrasonication test confirmed the significantly improved adhesion and mechanical stability of the PEDOT films on electrodes with EDOT-acid treatment over those without treatment.

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“…These studies demonstrated the successful integration of PEDOT, lower impedance, and improved recording quality of local field potentials. 135 In other studies, both PEDOT and PPy nanotubes demonstrated better adherence to silicon dioxide surfaces, and demonstrated reduced impedance and increased charge capacity when compared to films made of the same materials. 136 Recent reports also discuss the fabrication of novel electrodes designed to help mitigate FBR and prolong chronic electrode function.…”

Section: Intracortical Neural Interface Recording Functionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Intracortical Recording Interfaces: Current Challenges to Chronic Recording Function

Gunasekera

Saxena

Bellamkonda

et al. 2015

ACS Chem. Neurosci.

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Brain Computer Interfaces (BCIs) offer significant hope to tetraplegic and paraplegic individuals. This technology relies on extracting and translating motor intent to facilitate control of a computer cursor or to enable fine control of an external assistive device such as a prosthetic limb. Intracortical recording interfaces (IRIs) are critical components of BCIs and consist of arrays of penetrating electrodes that are implanted into the motor cortex of the brain. These multielectrode arrays (MEAs) are responsible for recording and conducting neural signals from local ensembles of neurons in the motor cortex with the high speed and spatiotemporal resolution that is required for exercising control of external assistive prostheses. Recent design and technological innovations in the field have led to significant improvements in BCI function. However, long-term (chronic) BCI function is severely compromised by short-term (acute) IRI recording failure. In this review, we will discuss the design and function of current IRIs. We will also review a host of recent advances that contribute significantly to our overall understanding of the cellular and molecular events that lead to acute recording failure of these invasive implants. We will also present recent improvements to IRI design and provide insights into the futuristic design of more chronically functional IRIs.

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In vivo polymerization of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) in rodent cerebral cortex

Cited by 29 publications

References 17 publications

Organic electrode coatings for next-generation neural interfaces

Organic electrode coatings for next-generation neural interfaces

Significant Enhancement of PEDOT Thin Film Adhesion to Inorganic Solid Substrates with EDOT-Acid

Intracortical Recording Interfaces: Current Challenges to Chronic Recording Function

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