In vivo non-invasive near-infrared spectroscopy distinguishes normal, post-stroke, and botulinum toxin treated human muscles

Abstract

In post-stroke hemiparesis, neural impairment alters muscle control, causing abnormal movement and posture in the affected limbs. A decrease in voluntary use of the paretic arm and flexed posture during rest also induce secondary tissue transformation in the upper limb muscles. To obtain a specific, accurate, and reproducible marker of the current biological status of muscles, we collected visible (VIS) and short-wave Infrared (SWIR) reflectance spectra in vivo using a portable spectroradiometer (350–2500 nm), which provided the spectral fingerprints of the elbow flexors and extensors. We compared the spectra for the affected and unaffected sides in 23 patients with post-stroke hemiparesis (25–87 years, 8 women) and eight healthy controls (33–87 years, 5 women). In eight patients, spectra were collected before and after botulinum toxin injection. Spectra underwent off-line preprocessing, principal component analysis, and partial least-squares discriminant analysis. Spectral fingerprints discriminated the muscle (biceps vs. triceps), neurological condition (normal vs. affected vs. unaffected), and effect of botulinum toxin treatment (before vs. 30 to 40 days vs. 110 to 120 days after injection). VIS-SWIR spectroscopy proved valuable for non-invasive assessment of optical properties in muscles, enabled more comprehensive evaluation of hemiparetic muscles, and provided optimal monitoring of the effectiveness of medication.

Intelligent Systems for Muscle Tracking: A Review on Sensor‐Algorithm Synergy

“…NIRS has also been used to assess the quality of skeletal muscle tissue. Currà et al [139] made use of PCA and partial leastsquares discriminant analysis to discriminate muscle into bicep or tricep, their condition into normal or poststroke, and the effect of botulinum toxin treatment at various time points. It should be noted that the use of contrast agents for spectroscopy is limited by the kidney health of the individual as well as the healthcare resources required to administer such agents, making it impractical for wearable, at-home structural imaging of muscle.…”

Increasing the Passive Range of Joint Motion in Stroke Patients Using Botulinum Toxin: The Role of Pain Relief

“…In stroke patients, muscles are hypertonic because of increased muscle activity during passive stretching, i.e., muscle over-activity [ 1 , 2 , 3 ], and/or because of decreased muscle extensibility caused by secondary muscle changes, including loss of sarcomeres and increased fat and collagen content [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ].…”

End-of-Life Textile Recognition in a Circular Economy Perspective: A Methodological Approach Based on Near Infrared Spectroscopy

“…NIR spectroscopy and chemometric analyses are widely utilized for material characterization, classification, and quality control in several sectors, such as primary/secondary raw materials [17][18][19], pharmaceutical and chemical industry [20][21][22], cultural heritage, agricultural/food industry [23][24][25][26], medicine and clinical applications [27,28], and, more generally, in analytical science [29] to perform systematic environmental remote and proximal sensing.…”