In Vivo Molecular Imaging of Acute and Subacute Thrombosis Using a Fibrin-Binding Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agent

Botnar, René M.; Perez, Alexandra S.; Witte, S; Wiethoff, Andrea J.; Laredo, James; Hamilton, James A.; Quist, William C.; Parsons, Edward C.; Vaidya, Anand; Kolodziej, Andrew F.; Barrett, John; Graham, Phillip; Weisskoff, Robert M.; Manning, Warren J.; Johnstone, Michael T.

doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000127034.50006.c0

Cited by 255 publications

(203 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…We have also recently demonstrated, in this same rabbit model, the utility of a fibrin-specific contrast agent for the identification of atherothrombosis in vivo. 27 The images in this study show the potential to image atherothrombosis reliably in vivo without contrast reagents and the necessity for baseline images, which will not generally be available for patients. The details of these high-field observations will not be obtained at lower field strengths, but DWI images together with the calculated ADC images will very likely provide an improvement over standard T1W and T2W imaging protocols.…”

Section: Application and Clinical Relevancementioning

confidence: 98%

“…22 However, the in vivo studies were performed at low field (1.5 T), and the thrombus was not differentiated from the vessel wall, except with injection of a contrast reagent. 27 The ex vivo studies presented here exploit significant advantages not available in our prior in vivo work. These include (1) high-field strength that affords greater signal and contrast to noise, (2) the lack of motion artifacts, and (3) the lack of time constraints for evaluation of innovative pulse sequences.…”

Section: Advantages Of the Experimental Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

MRI of Atherothrombosis Associated With Plaque Rupture

Viereck¹,

Ruberg²,

Qiao³

et al. 2005

ATVB

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Objective-MRI would be a valuable noninvasive diagnostic tool to study plaque-associated thrombi. We defined the imaging characteristics of these thrombi, composed primarily of platelets and fibrin, and distinguished them clearly from the vessel lumen and underlying atherosclerotic plaque in an animal model of plaque rupture. Methods and Results-After triggering plaque rupture in New Zealand White male rabbits, segments of infrarenal aorta containing either red or white thrombi were fixed in formalin. Compared with postmortem red cell-rich thrombi, atherothrombi yielded complex magnetic resonance images with intermediate signal intensity in standard T1-and T2-weighted imaging sequences and were often difficult to distinguish from the aortic wall. Diffusion-weighted imaging sequences revealed restricted diffusion of the atherothrombus relative to the vessel wall and provided excellent contrast. The apparent diffusion coefficient of the thrombus is 1.0ϫ10 Ϫ3 mm 2 /s, compared with 1.5ϫ10 Ϫ3 mm 2 /s in tissue. Similar results were obtained using purified aggregated platelets. Conclusions-We present the first detailed description of the MRI appearance of plaque rupture-associated thrombosis in histologically validated platelet-rich thrombi. Diffusion-weighted imaging provided the best distinction between thrombus and vessel wall and has potential application for the noninvasive in vivo detection of atherothrombosis.

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Section: Application and Clinical Relevancementioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Advantages Of the Experimental Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

MRI of Atherothrombosis Associated With Plaque Rupture

Viereck¹,

Ruberg²,

Qiao³

et al. 2005

ATVB

Self Cite

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“…More recent advances have led to the development of targeted contrast agents, aimed at cell surface receptors or proteins. Fibrin and elastin represent an essential component of atherosclerotic plaques, play a key role during their development and progression, and have already been established as promising targets 35, 36, 37. With targeted molecular probes, contrast‐enhanced CMR can visualize and quantify proteins and cells of the atherosclerotic vessel wall, which, given clinical translation is successful, may improve assessment of vulnerable plaques and allow for better‐tailored invasive and non‐invasive therapies ( Figure 1 ).…”

Section: Factsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic resonance imaging in heart failure, including coronary imaging: numbers, facts, and challenges

et al. 2017

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Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major risk factor for the incidence and progression of heart failure (HF). HF is characterized by a substantial morbidity and mortality and its lifetime risk is estimated at approximately 20% for men and women. As patients are in most cases identified only after developing overt clinical symptoms, detecting early stages of CAD and HF is of paramount importance. Due to its non‐invasiveness, excellent soft‐tissue contrast, high spatial resolution, and multiparametric nature, cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging has emerged as a promising radiation‐free technique to assess a wide range of cardiovascular diseases such as CAD or HF, enabling a comprehensive evaluation of myocardial anatomy, regional and global function, and viability with the additional benefit of in vivo tissue characterization. CMR has the potential to enhance our understanding of coronary atherosclerosis and the aetiology of HF on functional and biological levels, to identify patients at risk for CAD or HF, and to enable individualized patient management and improved outcomes. Even though larger‐scale studies on the different applications of CMR for the assessment of heart failure are scarce, recent research highlighted new possible clinical applications for CMR in the evaluation of CAD and HF.

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“…It also has a key function in thrombus formation following plaque rupture. In various studies a fibrin-specific low-molecular probe has been successfully employed for imaging thrombi in the jugular vein, aorta, pulmonary arteries as well as in coronary arteries [35,36,50,51]. Compared to conventional compounds such as Gd-DTPA, the probe indicated high sensitivity for the detection of fibrin; this is explained by the high relaxivity of the specific molecular probe.…”

Section: Targeted Molecular Probes For Displaying Plaque Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Imaging in Cardiovascular Diseases

Botnar

Ebersberger

Noerenberg

et al. 2015

Fortschr Röntgenstr

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Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in industrialized and developing countries. In clinical practice, the in-vivo identification of atherosclerotic lesions, which can lead to complications such as heart attack or stroke, remains difficult. Imaging techniques provide the reference standard for the detection of clinically significant atherosclerotic changes in the coronary and carotid arteries. The assessment of the luminal narrowing is feasible, while the differentiation of stable and potentially unstable or vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques is currently not possible using non-invasive imaging. With high spatial resolution and high soft tissue contrast, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a suitable method for the evaluation of the thin arterial wall. In clinical practice, native MRI of the vessel wall already allows the differentiation and characterization of components of atherosclerotic plaques in the carotid arteries and the aorta. Additional diagnostic information can be gained by the use of non-specific MRI contrast agents. With the development of targeted molecular probes, that highlight specific molecules or cells, pathological processes can be visualized at a molecular level with high spatial resolution. In this review article, the development of pathophysiological changes leading to the development of the arterial wall are introduced and discussed. Additionally, principles of contrast enhanced imaging with non-specific contrast agents and molecular probes will be discussed and latest developments in the field of molecular imaging of the vascular wall will be introduced. Key Points: ??Molecular magnetic resonance imaging has great potential to improve the in vivo characterization of atherosclerotic plaques. ??Based on the molecular information is feasible to enable a better differentiation of stable and unstable (vulnerable) atherosclerotic plaques. Citation Format: ??Botnar RM, Ebersberger H, Noerenberg D et?al. Molecular imaging in cardiovascular diseases. Fortschr R?ntgenstr 2015; 187: 92???101

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In Vivo Molecular Imaging of Acute and Subacute Thrombosis Using a Fibrin-Binding Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agent

Cited by 255 publications

References 28 publications

MRI of Atherothrombosis Associated With Plaque Rupture

MRI of Atherothrombosis Associated With Plaque Rupture

Magnetic resonance imaging in heart failure, including coronary imaging: numbers, facts, and challenges

Molecular Imaging in Cardiovascular Diseases

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