In vivo micronucleus test as a biomarker of genotoxicity in free-range goats from suspected contaminated environment

Abstract

Objective: Environmental pollution and the resultant genotoxicity, has become a major livestock, public and environmental health concern with direct impact on the ecosystem. Here, application of micronucleus test and frequency score as a potential biomarker of genotoxic effect and bio-monitoring have been discussed aiming at exploring environmental polution. Materials and methods: A total of 100 domestic goats slaughtered at the Bodija Municipal Abattoir were used in this study. Blood sample was analyzed for the quantification of the hematological parameters. The bone marrow smear was viewed microscopically for the detection of micronucleus and other nuclear abnormalities. The frequency of micronucleus was quantified to group the sampled goats into MN-positive and MN-negative groups for further analysis. Results: MN was positive in 21% of the sampled goats with varying frequency ranging from (6-15% count per 2000 cells examined). Bi-nucleation, multinucleation and high mitotic index were also observed and quantified. The packed cell volume, mean corpuscular volume and neutrophil count were significantly lower (P<0.05) in the MN-positive groups while anemia was reported in 33.3% of the MN-positive goats. Conclusion:The finding indicates the prevalence and frequency of micronucleus as a biomarker of genotoxicity and an indicator of exposure to environmental genotoxic subtances. Hence, this highlights the relevance of these goats as important sentinel animal model. These findings, therefore, serve as a preliminary data for further studies on the latent genotoxic environmental contaminants and their potential deleterious impact.

Tissue Lead and Cadmium Levels and Associated Haematological Changes in Goats Slaughtered at The Bodija Abattoir, Ibadan

“…Blood lead level (BLLs) has been reported as the most reliable biomarker of recent environmental lead exposure with relevant biomonitoring, diagnostic and screening applications (Mañay, Cousillas and Heller, 2011;Rao, 2016). This has thus made the evaluation of BLLs in animal (considering their sentinel roles and application) in ecotoxicological evaluation a veritable tool for the evaluation of ongoing heavy metal contamination and evaluation of the impact along with the assessment of remediation programmes (Rabinowitz et al, 2008;Reif, 2011;Jubril, Omadevuaye and Adekola, 2017). As reported in this study, the BLLs and BCLs were significantly higher in the SE group than the SU group and the WHO tolerable BLLs levels.…”

“…Similar pathological consequences have also been reported in plants along with residue formation in both plants and animals thus making it a significant food safety and public health threat (Nagajyoti, Lee and Sreekanth, 2010;Otitoju et al, 2014). Furthermore, lead and cadmium (like many other heavy metals) have also been associated with many genotoxic effects, mutagenicity, teratogenicity and carcinogenic properties (Serpe et al, 2012;Koedrith et al, 2013;Jaishankar et al, 2014;Jubril, Fagbohun and Adekola, 2017;Jubril, Omadevuaye and Adekola, 2017). All these along with long environmental persistence and bioaccumulation in the ecosystem and food chain has made cadmium and lead toxicity a recurring livestock and public health risk with potential impact on the ecosystem.…”

Analysis of micronuclei and nuclear anomalies in the erythrocytes of fish, amphibians, reptiles and birds: criteria for detection and typing

“…В настоящее время существует много методических работ по тестированию МЯ в клетках костного мозга, периферической крови, буккального и вагинального эпителия человека [14,25,30,40,51,95,142,146,187,310,337]. Эти же методики используют для исследований, выполняемых на лабораторных [96,126,128,350], сельскохозяйственных [13,18,235] и диких видах млекопитающих [262]. Кроме клеток указанных выше трёх тканей, исследования МЯ со специальными целями проводят и в других тканях, например, в клетках бронхиального [90] и вагинального [97] эпителия, клетках печени [352], половых клетках млекопитающих [343].…”